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Gravitational microlensing in the wave-optics (WO) regime occurs when the Schwarzschild radius of a lensing object is comparable to or smaller than the wavelength of incoming gravitational waves (GWs), producing chromatic amplitude and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-21 Aniruddha Chakraborty , Suvodip Mukherjee

We investigate the ability of ground based gravitational wave observatories to detect gravitational wave lensing events caused by stellar mass lenses. We show that LIGO and Virgo possess the sensitivities required to detect lenses with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-05 Pierre Christian , Salvatore Vitale , Abraham Loeb

The Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) discovered gravitational waves (GWs) from a binary black hole merger in 2015 September and may soon observe signals from neutron star mergers. There is considerable…

The microhertz frequency band of gravitational waves probes the merger of supermassive black holes as well as many other gravitational wave phenomena. However, space-interferometry methods that use test masses would require further…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-29 Matthew McQuinn , Casey McGrath

By precisely monitoring the "ticks" of Nature's most precise clocks (millisecond pulsars), scientists are trying to detect the "ripples in spacetime" (gravitational waves) produced by the inspirals of supermassive black holes in the centers…

Physics Education · Physics 2018-10-17 Michael T. Lam , Joseph D. Romano , Joey S. Key , Marc Normandin , Jeffrey S. Hazboun

In light of the newly opened and rapidly growing gravitational waves window in multi-messenger astronomy, in order to fully take advantage of the new opportunities we are provided with, new ideas are required for a better and deeper employ…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-06 Paolo Cremonese , Vincenzo Salzano

In this paper, we present a new method of measuring Hubble parameter($H(z)$), making use of the anisotropy of luminosity distance($d_{L}$), and the analysis of gravitational wave(GW) of neutron star(NS) binary system. The method has never…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-24 Liu Yang , Hao-Yi Wan , Tong-Jie Zhang , Tang Yanke

High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGWs) constitute a unique window on the early Universe as well as exotic astrophysical objects. If the current gravitational wave experiments are more dedicated to the low frequency regime, the graviton…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-29 Virgile Dandoy , Toni Bertólez-Martínez , Francesco Costa

We explore opportunities for multi-messenger astronomy using gravitational waves (GWs) and prompt, transient low-frequency radio emission to study highly energetic astrophysical events. We review the literature on possible sources of…

On September 14, 2015, the newly upgraded Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) recorded a loud gravitational-wave (GW) signal, emitted a billion light-years away by a coalescing binary of two stellar-mass black holes.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-07-19 Michael Holst , Olivier Sarbach , Manuel Tiglio , Michele Vallisneri

Significant progress has been made in recent years on the development of gravitational wave detectors. Sources such as coalescing compact binary systems, neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries, stellar collapses and pulsars are all…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Matthew Pitkin , Stuart Reid , Sheila Rowan , Jim Hough

This article deals with the gravitational lensing (GL) of gravitational waves (GW). We compute the increase in the number of detected GW events due to GL. First, we check that geometrical optics is valid for the GW frequency range on which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Arnaud-Varvella , M. -C. Angonin , Ph. Tourrenc

We are witnessing the dawn of gravitational wave (GW) astronomy. With currently available detectors, observations are restricted to GW frequencies in the range between ${\sim} 10\,\mathrm{Hz}$ and $10\,\mathrm{kHz}$, which covers the…

Gravitational wave (GW) source counts have been recently shown to be able to test how gravitational radiation propagates with the distance from the source. Here, we extend this formalism to cosmological scales, i.e. the high redshift…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-18 Juan García-Bellido , Savvas Nesseris , Manuel Trashorras

The gravitational wave (GW) has opened a new window to the universe beyond the electromagnetic spectrum. Since 2015, dozens of GW events have been caught by the ground-based GW detectors through laser interferometry. However, all the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-07 Mengxu Liu , Biping Gong

For testing gravity and detecting gravitational waves in space, deep-space laser ranging using drag-free spacecraft is a common method. Deep space provides a large arena and a long integration time. Laser technology provides measurement…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 Wei-Tou Ni

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) has performed the fourth science run, S4, with significantly improved interferometer sensitivities with respect to previous runs. Using data acquired during this science run, we…

Astrophysics · Physics 2012-08-27 LIGO Scientific Collaboration

This Astro2010 science white paper provides an overview of the opportunities in low-frequency gravitational-wave astronomy, a new field that is poised to make significant advances. While discussing the broad context of gravitational-wave…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 T. A. Prince

This Horizon Study describes a next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave observatory: Cosmic Explorer. With ten times the sensitivity of Advanced LIGO, Cosmic Explorer will push gravitational-wave astronomy towards the edge of the…

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