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As neural-network-based QA models become deeper and more complex, there is a demand for robust frameworks which can access a model's rationale for its prediction. Current techniques that provide insights on a model's working are either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Sahana Ramnath , Preksha Nema , Deep Sahni , Mitesh M. Khapra

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in mainstream academic disciplines such as mathematics, physics, and computer science. However, human knowledge encompasses over 200 specialized disciplines, far…

Multimodal reasoning is a critical component in the pursuit of artificial intelligence systems that exhibit human-like intelligence, especially when tackling complex tasks. While the chain-of-thought (CoT) technique has gained considerable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Jingxuan Wei , Cheng Tan , Zhangyang Gao , Linzhuang Sun , Siyuan Li , Bihui Yu , Ruifeng Guo , Stan Z. Li

To date, there exist almost no culturally-specific evaluation benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) that cover a large number of languages and cultures. In this paper, we present Global PIQA, a participatory commonsense reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Tyler A. Chang , Catherine Arnett , Abdelrahman Eldesokey , Abdelrahman Sadallah , Abeer Kashar , Abolade Daud , Abosede Grace Olanihun , Adamu Labaran Mohammed , Adeyemi Praise , Adhikarinayum Meerajita Sharma , Aditi Gupta , Afitab Iyigun , Afonso Simplício , Ahmed Essouaied , Aicha Chorana , Akhil Eppa , Akintunde Oladipo , Akshay Ramesh , Aleksei Dorkin , Alfred Malengo Kondoro , Alham Fikri Aji , Ali Eren Çetintaş , Allan Hanbury , Alou Dembele , Alp Niksarli , Álvaro Arroyo , Amin Bajand , Amol Khanna , Ana Chkhaidze , Ana Condez , Andiswa Mkhonto , Andrew Hoblitzell , Andrew Tran , Angelos Poulis , Anirban Majumder , Anna Vacalopoulou , Annette Kuuipolani Kanahele Wong , Annika Simonsen , Anton Kovalev , Ashvanth. S , Ayodeji Joseph Lana , Barkin Kinay , Bashar Alhafni , Benedict Cibalinda Busole , Bernard Ghanem , Bharti Nathani , Biljana Stojanovska Đurić , Bola Agbonile , Bragi Bergsson , Bruce Torres Fischer , Burak Tutar , Burcu Alakuş Çınar , Cade J. Kanoniakapueo Kane , Can Udomcharoenchaikit , Catherine Arnett , Chadi Helwe , Chaithra Reddy Nerella , Chen Cecilia Liu , Chiamaka Glory Nwokolo , Cristina España-Bonet , Cynthia Amol , DaeYeop Lee , Dana Arad , Daniil Dzenhaliou , Daria Pugacheva , Dasol Choi , Daud Abolade , David Liu , David Semedo , Deborah Popoola , Deividas Mataciunas , Delphine Nyaboke , Dhyuthy Krishna Kumar , Diogo Glória-Silva , Diogo Tavares , Divyanshu Goyal , DongGeon Lee , Ebele Nwamaka Anajemba , Egonu Ngozi Grace , Elena Mickel , Elena Tutubalina , Elias Herranen , Emile Anand , Emmanuel Habumuremyi , Emuobonuvie Maria Ajiboye , Eryawan Presma Yulianrifat , Esther Adenuga , Ewa Rudnicka , Faith Olabisi Itiola , Faran Taimoor Butt , Fathima Thekkekara , Fatima Haouari , Filbert Aurelian Tjiaranata , Firas Laakom , Francesca Grasso , Francesco Orabona , Francesco Periti , Gbenga Kayode Solomon , Gia Nghia Ngo , Gloria Udhehdhe-oze , Gonçalo Martins , Gopi Naga Sai Ram Challagolla , Guijin Son , Gulnaz Abdykadyrova , Hafsteinn Einarsson , Hai Hu , Hamidreza Saffari , Hamza Zaidi , Haopeng Zhang , Harethah Abu Shairah , Harry Vuong , Hele-Andra Kuulmets , Houda Bouamor , Hwanjo Yu , Iben Nyholm Debess , İbrahim Ethem Deveci , Ikhlasul Akmal Hanif , Ikhyun Cho , Inês Calvo , Inês Vieira , Isaac Manzi , Ismail Daud , Itay Itzhak , Iuliia , Alekseenko , Ivan Belashkin , Ivan Spada , Ivan Zhelyazkov , Jacob Brinton , Jafar Isbarov , Jaka Čibej , Jan Čuhel , Jan Kocoń , Jauza Akbar Krito , Jebish Purbey , Jennifer Mickel , Jennifer Za , Jenny Kunz , Jihae Jeong , Jimena Tena Dávalos , Jinu Lee , João Magalhães , John Yi , Jongin Kim , Joseph Chataignon , Joseph Marvin Imperial , Jubeerathan Thevakumar , Judith Land , Junchen Jiang , Jungwhan Kim , Kairit Sirts , Kamesh R , Kamesh V , Kanda Patrick Tshinu , Kätriin Kukk , Kaustubh Ponkshe , Kavsar Huseynova , Ke He , Kelly Buchanan , Kengatharaiyer Sarveswaran , Kerem Zaman , Khalil Mrini , Kian Kyars , Krister Kruusmaa , Kusum Chouhan , Lainitha Krishnakumar , Laura Castro Sánchez , Laura Porrino Moscoso , Leshem Choshen , Levent Sencan , Lilja Øvrelid , Lisa Alazraki , Lovina Ehimen-Ugbede , Luheerathan Thevakumar , Luxshan Thavarasa , Mahnoor Malik , Mamadou K. Keita , Mansi Jangid , Marco De Santis , Marcos García , Marek Suppa , Mariam D'Ciofalo , Marii Ojastu , Maryam Sikander , Mausami Narayan , Maximos Skandalis , Mehak Mehak , Mehmet İlteriş Bozkurt , Melaku Bayu Workie , Menan Velayuthan , Michael Leventhal , Michał Marcińczuk , Mirna Potočnjak , Mohammadamin Shafiei , Mridul Sharma , Mrityunjaya Indoria , Muhammad Ravi Shulthan Habibi , Murat Kolić , Nada Galant , Naphat Permpredanun , Narada Maugin , Nicholas Kluge Corrêa , Nikola Ljubešić , Nirmal Thomas , Nisansa de Silva , Nisheeth Joshi , Nitish Ponkshe , Nizar Habash , Nneoma C. Udeze , Noel Thomas , Noémi Ligeti-Nagy , Nouhoum Coulibaly , Nsengiyumva Faustin , Odunayo Kareemat Buliaminu , Odunayo Ogundepo , Oghojafor Godswill Fejiro , Ogundipe Blessing Funmilola , Okechukwu God'spraise , Olanrewaju Samuel , Olaoye Deborah Oluwaseun , Olasoji Akindejoye , Olga Popova , Olga Snissarenko , Onyinye Anulika Chiemezie , Orkun Kinay , Osman Tursun , Owoeye Tobiloba Moses , Oyelade Oluwafemi Joshua , Oyesanmi Fiyinfoluwa , Pablo Gamallo , Pablo Rodríguez Fernández , Palak Arora , Pedro Valente , Peter Rupnik , Philip Oghenesuowho Ekiugbo , Pramit Sahoo , Prokopis Prokopidis , Pua Niau-Puhipau , Quadri Yahya , Rachele Mignone , Raghav Singhal , Ram Mohan Rao Kadiyala , Raphael Merx , Rapheal Afolayan , Ratnavel Rajalakshmi , Rishav Ghosh , Romina Oji , Ron Kekeha Solis , Rui Guerra , Rushikesh Zawar , Sa'ad Nasir Bashir , Saeed Alzaabi , Sahil Sandeep , Sai Pavan Batchu , SaiSandeep Kantareddy , Salsabila Zahirah Pranida , Sam Buchanan , Samuel Rutunda , Sander Land , Sarah Sulollari , Sardar Ali , Saroj Sapkota , Saulius Tautvaisas , Sayambhu Sen , Sayantani Banerjee , Sebastien Diarra , SenthilNathan. M , Sewoong Lee , Shaan Shah , Shankar Venkitachalam , Sharifa Djurabaeva , Sharon Ibejih , Shivanya Shomir Dutta , Siddhant Gupta , Silvia Paniagua Suárez , Sina Ahmadi , Sivasuthan Sukumar , Siyuan Song , Snegha A. , Sokratis Sofianopoulos , Sona Elza Simon , Sonja Benčina , Sophie Gvasalia , Sphurti Kirit More , Spyros Dragazis , Stephan P. Kaufhold , Suba. S , Sultan AlRashed , Surangika Ranathunga , Taiga Someya , Taja Kuzman Pungeršek , Tal Haklay , Tasi'u Jibril , Tatsuya Aoyama , Tea Abashidze , Terenz Jomar Dela Cruz , Terra Blevins , Themistoklis Nikas , Theresa Dora Idoko , Thu Mai Do , Tilek Chubakov , Tommaso Gargiani , Uma Rathore , Uni Johannesen , Uwuma Doris Ugwu , Vallerie Alexandra Putra , Vanya Bannihatti Kumar , Varsha Jeyarajalingam , Varvara Arzt , Vasudevan Nedumpozhimana , Viktoria Ondrejova , Viktoryia Horbik , Vishnu Vardhan Reddy Kummitha , Vuk Dinić , Walelign Tewabe Sewunetie , Winston Wu , Xiaojing Zhao , Yacouba Diarra , Yaniv Nikankin , Yash Mathur , Yixi Chen , Yiyuan Li , Yolanda Xavier , Yonatan Belinkov , Yusuf Ismail Abayomi , Zaid Alyafeai , Zhengyang Shan , Zhi Rui Tam , Zilu Tang , Zuzana Nadova , Baber Abbasi , Stella Biderman , David Stap , Duygu Ataman , Fabian Schmidt , Hila Gonen , Jiayi Wang , David Ifeoluwa Adelani

Studies have shown that a dominant class of questions asked by visually impaired users on images of their surroundings involves reading text in the image. But today's VQA models can not read! Our paper takes a first step towards addressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Amanpreet Singh , Vivek Natarajan , Meet Shah , Yu Jiang , Xinlei Chen , Dhruv Batra , Devi Parikh , Marcus Rohrbach

Existing question answering (QA) datasets fail to train QA systems to perform complex reasoning and provide explanations for answers. We introduce HotpotQA, a new dataset with 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs with four key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Zhilin Yang , Peng Qi , Saizheng Zhang , Yoshua Bengio , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Christopher D. Manning

Textual Question Answering (QA) aims to provide precise answers to user's questions in natural language using unstructured data. One of the most popular approaches to this goal is machine reading comprehension(MRC). In recent years, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Yang Bai , Daisy Zhe Wang

Although large language models (LLMs) have apparently acquired a certain level of grammatical knowledge and the ability to make generalizations, they fail to interpret negation, a crucial step in Natural Language Processing. We try to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Iker García-Ferrero , Begoña Altuna , Javier Álvez , Itziar Gonzalez-Dios , German Rigau

While large multimodal models (LMMs) have demonstrated strong performance across various Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks, certain challenges require complex multi-step reasoning to reach accurate answers. One particularly challenging…

Reasoning is central to human intelligence. However, fallacious arguments are common, and some exacerbate problems such as spreading misinformation about climate change. In this paper, we propose the task of logical fallacy detection, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Zhijing Jin , Abhinav Lalwani , Tejas Vaidhya , Xiaoyu Shen , Yiwen Ding , Zhiheng Lyu , Mrinmaya Sachan , Rada Mihalcea , Bernhard Schölkopf

Question Answering (QA) datasets are crucial in assessing reading comprehension skills for both machines and humans. While numerous datasets have been developed in English for this purpose, a noticeable void exists in less-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bernardo Leite , Tomás Freitas Osório , Henrique Lopes Cardoso

We propose LogicVista, an evaluation benchmark that assesses the integrated logical reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in Visual contexts. Recent advancements in MLLMs have demonstrated various fascinating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Yijia Xiao , Edward Sun , Tianyu Liu , Wei Wang

Mathematical reasoning skills are essential for general-purpose intelligent systems to perform tasks from grocery shopping to climate modeling. Towards evaluating and improving AI systems in this domain, we propose LILA, a unified…

Reasoning is central to human intelligence, enabling structured problem-solving across diverse tasks. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have greatly enhanced their reasoning abilities in arithmetic, commonsense, and symbolic…

Logical reasoning has been an ongoing pursuit in the field of AI. Despite significant advancements made by large language models (LLMs), they still struggle with complex logical reasoning problems. To enhance reasoning performance, one…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Ruixin Hong , Hongming Zhang , Xinyu Pang , Dong Yu , Changshui Zhang

Difficult problems, which often result in long reasoning traces, are widely recognized as key factors for enhancing the performance of reasoning models. However, such high-challenge problems are scarce, limiting the size of available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Si Shen , Fei Huang , Zhixiao Zhao , Chang Liu , Tiansheng Zheng , Danhao Zhu

Current visual question answering (VQA) tasks mainly consider answering human-annotated questions for natural images. However, aside from natural images, abstract diagrams with semantic richness are still understudied in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Pan Lu , Liang Qiu , Jiaqi Chen , Tony Xia , Yizhou Zhao , Wei Zhang , Zhou Yu , Xiaodan Liang , Song-Chun Zhu

Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Karl Moritz Hermann , Tomáš Kočiský , Edward Grefenstette , Lasse Espeholt , Will Kay , Mustafa Suleyman , Phil Blunsom

In this paper, we introduce EconLogicQA, a rigorous benchmark designed to assess the sequential reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) within the intricate realms of economics, business, and supply chain management.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yinzhu Quan , Zefang Liu

The evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) on mathematical reasoning has largely focused on elementary problems, competition-style questions, or formal theorem proving, leaving graduate-level and computational mathematics relatively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Bianca Raimondi , Francesco Pivi , Davide Evangelista , Maurizio Gabbrielli
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