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Motivated by the recently introduced concept of a pseudosymmetric braided monoidal category, we define the pseudosymmetric group PS_n, as the quotient of the braid group B_n by the relations \sigma_i\sigma_{i+1}^{-1}\sigma_i=\sigma…
Twisted knot theory introduced by M. Bourgoin is a generalization of knot theory. It leads us to the notion of twisted virtual braids. In this paper we show theorems for twisted links corresponding to the Alexander theorem and the Markov…
Virtual knots, defined by Kauffman, provide a natural generalization of classical knots. Most invariants of knots extend in a natural way to give invariants of virtual knots. In this paper we study the fundamental groups of virtual knots…
In this paper we discuss algebraic, combinatorial and topological properties of singular virtual braids. On the algebraic side we state the relations between classical and virtual singular objects, in addition we discuss a Birman-like…
Symmetric cohomology of groups, defined by M. Staic in [2], is similar to the way one defines the cyclic cohomology for algebras. We show that there is a well-defined restriction, conjugation and transfer map in symmetric cohomology, which…
In this paper, we define the set of singular grid diagrams $\mathcal{SG}$ which provides a unified description for singular links, singular Legendrian links, singular transverse links, and singular braids. We also classify the complete set…
Let $V$ denote a vector space over two-element field $\mathbb F_2$ with finite positive dimension and endowed with a symplectic form $B.$ Let ${\rm SL}(V)$ denote the special linear group of $V.$ Let $S$ denote a subset of $V.$ Define…
Let $n\ge 2$. Let $VB_n$ (resp. $VP_n$) be the virtual braid group (resp. the pure virtual braid group), and let $VT_n$ (resp. $PVT_n$) be the virtual twin group (resp. the pure virtual twin group). Let $\Pi$ be one of the following…
A theorem of Davies states that for symmetric quantum states there exists a symmetric POVM maximizing the mutual information. To apply this theorem the representation of the symmetry group has to be irreducible. We obtain a similar yet…
Virtual knot theory, introduced by Kauffman, is a generalization of classical knot theory of interest because its finite-type invariant theory is potentially a topological interpretation of Etingof and Kazhdan's theory of quantization of…
We characterize when a generalized Baumslag-Solitar group is linear, and extend the result to the fundamental groups of a graph of groups with infinite virtually cyclic vertex and edge groups.
Two recent publications describe realizable Gauss diagrams using conditions stating that the number of chords in certain sets of chords is even or odd. We demonstrate that these descriptions are incorrect by finding multiple…
We study geometric presentations of braid groups for particles that are constrained to move on a graph, i.e. a network consisting of nodes and edges. Our proposed set of generators consists of exchanges of pairs of particles on junctions of…
We introduce a new notation for representing labeled regular bipartite graphs of arbitrary degree. Several enumeration problems for labeled and unlabeled regular bipartite graphs have been introduced. A general algorithm for enumerating all…
We study invariants of virtual graphoids, which are virtual spatial graph diagrams with two distinguished degree-one vertices modulo graph Reidemeister moves applied away from the distinguished vertices. Generalizing previously known…
A frame matroid M is graphic if there is a graph G with cycle matroid isomorphic to M. In general, if there is one such graph, there will be many. Zaslavsky has shown that frame matroids are precisely those having a representation as a…
The Collective Graphical Model (CGM) models a population of independent and identically distributed individuals when only collective statistics (i.e., counts of individuals) are observed. Exact inference in CGMs is intractable, and previous…
Multi-virtual knot theory was introduced in $2024$ by the first author. In this paper, we initiate the study of algebraic invariants of multi-virtual links. After determining a generating set of (oriented) multi-virtual Reidemeister moves,…
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely used to compute representations of node pairs for downstream tasks such as link prediction. Yet, theoretical understanding of their expressive power has focused almost entirely on graph-level…
A Gauss paragraph is a combinatorial formulation of a generic closed curve with multiple components on some surface. A virtual string is a collection of circles with arrows that represent the crossings of such a curve. Every closed curve…