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Transformer-based language models have revolutionized the field of natural language processing (NLP). However, using these models often involves navigating multiple frameworks and tools, as well as writing repetitive boilerplate code. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Rabindra Lamsal , Maria Rodriguez Read , Shanika Karunasekera

Fine-tuning pre-trained Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models is the dominant approach for adapting to new languages and domains. However, fine-tuning requires adapting and maintaining a separate model for each target task. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Ankur Bapna , Naveen Arivazhagan , Orhan Firat

Low-resource languages (LRLs) face significant challenges in natural language processing (NLP) due to limited data. While current state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) still struggle with LRLs, smaller multilingual models (mLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Daniil Gurgurov , Ivan Vykopal , Josef van Genabith , Simon Ostermann

Adapter-based tuning has recently arisen as an alternative to fine-tuning. It works by adding light-weight adapter modules to a pretrained language model (PrLM) and only updating the parameters of adapter modules when learning on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Ruidan He , Linlin Liu , Hai Ye , Qingyu Tan , Bosheng Ding , Liying Cheng , Jia-Wei Low , Lidong Bing , Luo Si

Deep learning-based Natural Language Processing methods, especially transformers, have achieved impressive performance in the last few years. Applying those state-of-the-art NLP methods to legal activities to automate or simplify some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Saibo Geng , Rémi Lebret , Karl Aberer

Transformer is the backbone of modern NLP models. In this paper, we propose RealFormer, a simple and generic technique to create Residual Attention Layer Transformer networks that significantly outperform the canonical Transformer and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Ruining He , Anirudh Ravula , Bhargav Kanagal , Joshua Ainslie

Recent advances in multilingual dependency parsing have brought the idea of a truly universal parser closer to reality. However, cross-language interference and restrained model capacity remain major obstacles. To address this, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Ahmet Üstün , Arianna Bisazza , Gosse Bouma , Gertjan van Noord

Massively pre-trained transformer models are computationally expensive to fine-tune, slow for inference, and have large storage requirements. Recent approaches tackle these shortcomings by training smaller models, dynamically reducing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Andreas Rücklé , Gregor Geigle , Max Glockner , Tilman Beck , Jonas Pfeiffer , Nils Reimers , Iryna Gurevych

Multilingual machine translation suffers from negative interference across languages. A common solution is to relax parameter sharing with language-specific modules like adapters. However, adapters of related languages are unable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Christos Baziotis , Mikel Artetxe , James Cross , Shruti Bhosale

Sequential fine-tuning and multi-task learning are methods aiming to incorporate knowledge from multiple tasks; however, they suffer from catastrophic forgetting and difficulties in dataset balancing. To address these shortcomings, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Jonas Pfeiffer , Aishwarya Kamath , Andreas Rücklé , Kyunghyun Cho , Iryna Gurevych

Mechanistic interpretability research requires reliable tools for analyzing transformer internals across diverse architectures. Current approaches face a fundamental tradeoff: custom implementations like TransformerLens ensure consistent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Clément Dumas

Continual learning allows the system to learn and adapt to new tasks while retaining the knowledge acquired from previous tasks. However, deep learning models suffer from catastrophic forgetting of knowledge learned from earlier tasks while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Dupati Srikar Chandra , P. K. Srijith , Dana Rezazadegan , Chris McCarthy

Fine-tuning large pre-trained language models on downstream tasks has become the de-facto learning paradigm in NLP. However, conventional approaches fine-tune all the parameters of the pre-trained model, which becomes prohibitive as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Junxian He , Chunting Zhou , Xuezhe Ma , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Graham Neubig

Although neural machine translation (NMT) models perform well in the general domain, it remains rather challenging to control their generation behavior to satisfy the requirement of different users. Given the expensive training cost and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yuzhuang Xu , Shuo Wang , Peng Li , Xuebo Liu , Xiaolong Wang , Weidong Liu , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are computationally intensive, particularly during inference. Neuron-adaptive techniques, which selectively activate neurons in Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) layers, offer some speedups but suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Roberto Garcia , Jerry Liu , Daniel Sorvisto , Sabri Eyuboglu

Parameter-Efficient transfer learning with Adapters have been studied in Natural Language Processing (NLP) as an alternative to full fine-tuning. Adapters are memory-efficient and scale well with downstream tasks by training small…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Vaishali Pal , Carlos Lassance , Hervé Déjean , Stéphane Clinchant

Adapters have been positioned as a parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approach, whereby a minimal number of parameters are added to the model and fine-tuned. However, adapters have not been sufficiently analyzed to understand if PEFT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Nandini Mundra , Sumanth Doddapaneni , Raj Dabre , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Ratish Puduppully , Mitesh M. Khapra

Transformer architectures dominate modern NLP but often demand heavy computational resources and intricate hyperparameter tuning. To mitigate these challenges, we propose a novel framework, BoostTransformer, that augments transformers with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Biyi Fang , Truong Vo , Jean Utke , Diego Klabjan

The workflow of pretraining and fine-tuning has emerged as a popular paradigm for solving various NLP and V&L (Vision-and-Language) downstream tasks. With the capacity of pretrained models growing rapidly, how to perform parameter-efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Zhengkun Zhang , Wenya Guo , Xiaojun Meng , Yasheng Wang , Yadao Wang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Zhenglu Yang

Large language models (LMs) are typically adapted to improve performance on new contexts (\eg text prompts that define new tasks or domains) through fine-tuning or prompting. However, there is an accuracy compute tradeoff -- fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Tong Chen , Hao Fang , Patrick Xia , Xiaodong Liu , Benjamin Van Durme , Luke Zettlemoyer , Jianfeng Gao , Hao Cheng