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In order to study online hate speech, the availability of datasets containing the linguistic phenomena of interest are of crucial importance. However, when it comes to specific target groups, for example teenagers, collecting such data may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Alessio Palmero Aprosio , Stefano Menini , Sara Tonelli

Research in emotion analysis is scattered across different label formats (e.g., polarity types, basic emotion categories, and affective dimensions), linguistic levels (word vs. sentence vs. discourse), and, of course, (few well-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Sven Buechel , Luise Modersohn , Udo Hahn

Transfer learning from large-scale pre-trained models has become essential for many computer vision tasks. Recent studies have shown that datasets like ImageNet are weakly labeled since images with multiple object classes present are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Sai Rajeswar , Pau Rodriguez , Soumye Singhal , David Vazquez , Aaron Courville

Understanding another person's creative output requires a shared language of association. However, when training vision-language models such as CLIP, we rely on web-scraped datasets containing short, predominantly literal, alt-text. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Ananya Sahu , Amith Ananthram , Kathleen McKeown

Successful multimodal search and retrieval requires the automatic understanding of semantic cross-modal relations, which, however, is still an open research problem. Previous work has suggested the metrics cross-modal mutual information and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Christian Otto , Sebastian Holzki , Ralph Ewerth

Visual metaphors are powerful rhetorical devices used to persuade or communicate creative ideas through images. Similar to linguistic metaphors, they convey meaning implicitly through symbolism and juxtaposition of the symbols. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Arkadiy Saakyan , Olivia Winn , Artemis Panagopoulou , Yue Yang , Marianna Apidianaki , Smaranda Muresan

Ambiguous words are often found in modern digital communications. Lexical ambiguity challenges traditional Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) methods, due to limited data. Consequently, the efficiency of translation, information retrieval, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 T. G. D. K. Sumanathilaka , Nicholas Micallef , Julian Hough

Every culture and language is unique. Our work expressly focuses on the uniqueness of culture and language in relation to human affect, specifically sentiment and emotion semantics, and how they manifest in social multimedia. We develop…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2015-10-08 Brendan Jou , Tao Chen , Nikolaos Pappas , Miriam Redi , Mercan Topkara , Shih-Fu Chang

We propose the task of disambiguating symbolic expressions in informal STEM documents in the form of LaTeX files - that is, determining their precise semantics and abstract syntax tree - as a neural machine translation task. We discuss the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Dennis Müller , Cezary Kaliszyk

Describing images with text is a fundamental problem in vision-language research. Current studies in this domain mostly focus on single image captioning. However, in various real applications (e.g., image editing, difference interpretation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Hao Tan , Franck Dernoncourt , Zhe Lin , Trung Bui , Mohit Bansal

We explore many ways of using conceptual distance measures in Word Sense Disambiguation, starting with the Agirre-Rigau conceptual density measure. We use a generalized form of this measure, introducing many (parameterized) refinements and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 David Fernandez-Amoros , Julio Gonzalo , Felisa Verdejo

Linking concepts and named entities to knowledge bases has become a crucial Natural Language Understanding task. In this respect, recent works have shown the key advantage of exploiting textual definitions in various Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-22 José Camacho Collados , Claudio Delli Bovi , Alessandro Raganato , Roberto Navigli

The dissemination of online hate speech can have serious negative consequences for individuals, online communities, and entire societies. This and the large volume of hateful online content prompted both practitioners', i.e., in content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Julian Bäumler , Louis Blöcher , Lars-Joel Frey , Xian Chen , Markus Bayer , Christian Reuter

With the widespread dissemination of user-generated content on different social networks, and online consumer systems such as Amazon, the quantity of opinionated information available on the Internet has been increased. One of the main…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Zeinab Rajabi , MohammadReza Valavi , Maryam Hourali

Multimodal models struggle with idiomatic expressions due to their non-compositional meanings, a challenge amplified in multilingual settings. We introduced PolyFrame, our system for the MWE-2026 AdMIRe2 shared task on multimodal idiom…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Nina Hosseini-Kivanani

Interpretability is essential for machine learning algorithms in high-stakes application fields such as medical image analysis. However, high-performing black-box neural networks do not provide explanations for their predictions, which can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Susu Sun , Stefano Woerner , Andreas Maier , Lisa M. Koch , Christian F. Baumgartner

Text-based image captioning (TextCap) requires simultaneous comprehension of visual content and reading the text of images to generate a natural language description. Although a task can teach machines to understand the complex human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Wenqiao Zhang , Haochen Shi , Jiannan Guo , Shengyu Zhang , Qingpeng Cai , Juncheng Li , Sihui Luo , Yueting Zhuang

Compared with single-label image classification, multi-label image classification is more practical and challenging. Some recent studies attempted to leverage the semantic information of categories for improving multi-label image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Fengtao Zhou , Sheng Huang , Yun Xing

Generative models guided by text prompts are increasingly becoming more popular. However, no text-to-MIDI models currently exist due to the lack of a captioned MIDI dataset. This work aims to enable research that combines LLMs with symbolic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-08 Jan Melechovsky , Abhinaba Roy , Dorien Herremans

Ambiguity poses persistent challenges in natural language understanding for large language models (LLMs). To better understand how lexical ambiguity can be resolved through the visual domain, we develop an interpretable Visual Word Sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Shamik Bhattacharya , Daniel Perkins , Yaren Dogan , Vineeth Konjeti , Sudarshan Srinivasan , Edmon Begoli