English
Related papers

Related papers: Failures of Contingent Thinking

200 papers

Continual learning is often motivated by the idea, known as the big world hypothesis, that "the world is bigger" than the agent. Recent problem formulations capture this idea by explicitly constraining an agent relative to the environment.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Alex Lewandowski , Adtiya A. Ramesh , Edan Meyer , Dale Schuurmans , Marlos C. Machado

We argue that an explainable artificial intelligence must possess a rationale for its decisions, be able to infer the purpose of observed behaviour, and be able to explain its decisions in the context of what its audience understands and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Michael Timothy Bennett , Yoshihiro Maruyama

From marketing to politics, exploitation of incomplete information through selective communication of arguments is ubiquitous. In this work, we focus on development of an argumentation-theoretic model for manipulable multi-agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Ryuta Arisaka , Makoto Hagiwara , Takayuki Ito

Assessing the systemic effects of uncertainty that arises from agents' partial observation of the true states of the world is critical for understanding a wide range of scenarios. Yet, previous modeling work on agent learning and…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2022-04-15 Wolfram Barfuss , Richard P. Mann

We propose a new dataset for evaluating question answering models with respect to their capacity to reason about beliefs. Our tasks are inspired by theory-of-mind experiments that examine whether children are able to reason about the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Aida Nematzadeh , Kaylee Burns , Erin Grant , Alison Gopnik , Thomas L. Griffiths

If we could define the set of all bad outcomes, we could hard-code an agent which avoids them; however, in sufficiently complex environments, this is infeasible. We do not know of any general-purpose approaches in the literature to avoiding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Michael K. Cohen , Marcus Hutter

This paper develops a theory of learning under ambiguity induced by the decision maker's beliefs about the collection of data correlated with the true state of the world. Within our framework, two classical results on Bayesian learning…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-10 Cheaheon Lim

Computational models of purposeful behavior comprise both descriptive and prescriptive aspects, used respectively to ascertain and evaluate situations in the world. In reinforcement learning, prescriptive reward functions are assumed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Nadav Amir , Stas Tiomkin

Understanding the emergence of inequality in complex systems requires attention to both structural dynamics and intrinsic heterogeneity. In the context of opinion dynamics, traditional models relied on static snapshots or assumed…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Akshay Gangadhar , Hiroki Sayama

We study opinion dynamics in a population of interacting adaptive agents voting on a set of complex multidimensional issues. We consider agents which can classify issues into for or against. The agents arrive at the opinions about each…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-03-11 Renato Vicente , Andre C. R. Martins , Nestor Caticha

Agents often have individual goals which depend on a group's actions. If agents trust a forecast of collective action and adapt strategically, such prediction can influence outcomes non-trivially, resulting in a form of performative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 António Góis , Mehrnaz Mofakhami , Fernando P. Santos , Gauthier Gidel , Simon Lacoste-Julien

Finding claims that researchers have made considerable progress in artificial intelligence over the last several decades is easy. However, our everyday interactions with cognitive systems (e.g., Siri, Alexa, DALL-E) quickly move from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Will Bridewell

An implicit expectation of asking users to rate agents, such as an AI decision-aid, is that they will use only relevant information -- ask them about an agent's benevolence, and they should consider whether or not it was kind. Behavioral…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nikolos Gurney , David Pynadath , Ning Wang

Building a socially intelligent agent involves many challenges. One of which is to track the agent's mental state transition and teach the agent to make decisions guided by its value like a human. Towards this end, we propose to incorporate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Liang Qiu , Yizhou Zhao , Yuan Liang , Pan Lu , Weiyan Shi , Zhou Yu , Song-Chun Zhu

We present a unified computational theory of an agent's perception and memory. In our model, perception, episodic memory, and semantic memory are realized by different operational modes of the oscillating interactions between a symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Volker Tresp , Sahand Sharifzadeh , Hang Li , Dario Konopatzki , Yunpu Ma

Agents are a special kind of AI-based software in that they interact in complex environments and have increased potential for emergent behaviour. Explaining such emergent behaviour is key to deploying trustworthy AI, but the increasing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Victor Gimenez-Abalos , Sergio Alvarez-Napagao , Adrian Tormos , Ulises Cortés , Javier Vázquez-Salceda

Automatic service composition in mobile and pervasive computing faces many challenges due to the complex and highly dynamic nature of the environment. Common approaches consider service composition as a decision problem whose solution is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Oscar J. Romero

Learning from demonstrations has gained increasing interest in the recent past, enabling an agent to learn how to make decisions by observing an experienced teacher. While many approaches have been proposed to solve this problem, there is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Jürgen Hahn , Abdelhak M. Zoubir

The complex nature of organizational culture challenges our ability to infers its underlying dynamics from observational studies. Recent computational studies have adopted a distinct different view, where plausible mechanisms are proposed…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-07 Christos Ellinas , Neil Allan , Anders Johansson

Large language models have achieved remarkable capabilities across domains, yet mechanisms underlying sophisticated reasoning remain elusive. Recent reasoning models outperform comparable instruction-tuned models on complex cognitive tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Junsol Kim , Shiyang Lai , Nino Scherrer , Blaise Agüera y Arcas , James Evans