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We demonstrate a quantum random number generator based on the random nature of the phase difference between two independent laser sources. The speed of random bit generation is determined by the photodetector bandwidth and the linewidth of…

We propose the use of collective states of matter as a resource for the deterministic generation of quantum states of light, which are fundamental for quantum information technologies. Our minimal model consists of three emitters coupled to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Oriol Rubies-Bigorda , Stuart J. Masson , Susanne F. Yelin , Ana Asenjo-Garcia

We present a random number generation scheme that uses broadband measurements of the vacuum field contained in the radio-frequency sidebands of a single-mode laser. Even though the measurements may contain technical noise, we show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-25 T. Symul , S. M. Assad , P. K. Lam

Holography exploits the interference of light fields to obtain a systematic reconstruction of the light fields wavefronts. Classical holography techniques have been very successful in diverse areas such as microscopy, manufacturing…

Quantum systems are the ultimate touchstone for the production of random sequences of numbers. Spatially spread entangled systems allow the generation of identical random sequences in remote locations. The impossibility of observing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-31 Marcelo G. Kovalsky , Alejandro A. Hnilo , Mónica B. Agüero

Random generation and confidential distribution of cryptographic keys are fundamental building blocks of secure communication. Using quantum states in which the transmitted quantum bit is entangled with a stationary memory quantum bit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Pascal Kobel , Ralf A. Berner , Michael Köhl

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can provide genuine randomness based on the inherent unpredictable nature of quantum physics. The extracted randomness relies not only on the physical parts of the QRNG, such as the entropy source…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-17 Ziyang Chen , Zhengyu Li , Bingjie Xu , Yi-Chen Zhang , Hong Guo

We present an optical quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation measurements that uses multi-mode coherent states generated by electro-optical phase modulation of an intense optical carrier. In this approach the weak…

The generation and manipulation of hybrid entanglement of light involving discrete- and continuous-variable states have recently appeared as essential resources towards the realization of heterogeneous quantum networks. Here we investigate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-22 K. Huang , H. Le Jeannic , O. Morin , T. Darras , G. Guccione , A. Cavaillès , J. Laurat

We report on an optical setup generating more than one bit of randomness from one entangled bit (i.e. a maximally entangled state of two-qubits). The amount of randomness is certified through the observation of Bell non-local correlations.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 S. Gómez , A. Mattar , E. S. Gómez , D. Cavalcanti , O. Jiménez Farías , A. Acín , G. Lima

Quantum generative modeling, where the Born rule naturally defines probability distributions through measurement of parameterized quantum states, is a promising near-term application of quantum computing. We propose a Quantum Scrambling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Marcin Płodzień

The advantages of quantum random number generators (QRNGs) over pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) are normally attributed to the nature of quantum measurements. This is often seen as implying the superiority of the sequences of bits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-04 Alastair A. Abbott , Cristian S. Calude , Michael J. Dinneen , Nan Huang

We develop a fundamental framework for the quantum mechanics of stochastic systems (QMSS), showing that classical discrete stochastic processes emerge naturally as perturbations of the quantum harmonic oscillator (QHO). By constructing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Yurang , Kuang

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) produce true random numbers based on the inherent randomness of quantum theory, rendering them a foundational segment of quantum cryptography. Distinguished from trusted-device QRNGs whose security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Zhenguo Lu , Jundong Wu , Yu Zhang , Shaobo Ren , Xuyang Wang , Hongyi Zhou , Yongmin Li

In this work, we designed and experimentally verified a highly integrated broadband entropy source for a quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on vacuum fluctuations. The core of the entropy source is a hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Xuyang Wang , Yuqi Shi , Ning Wang , Jie Yun , Jiaxu Li , Yanxiang Jia , Shuaishuai Liu , Zhenguo Lu , Jun Zou , Yongmin Li

Secure random numbers are a fundamental element of many applications in science, statistics, cryptography and more in general in security protocols. We present a method that enables the generation of high-speed unpredictable random numbers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-15 Davide G. Marangon , Giuseppe Vallone , Paolo Villoresi

Quantum random number (QRNG) beacons distinguish themselves from classical counterparts by providing intrinsic unpredictability originating from the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. Most demonstrations have focused on certifiable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-30 Lac Nguyen , Jeevanandha Ramanathan , Michelle Mei Wang , Yong Meng Sua , Yuping Huang

We report an experiment that demonstrates full function of a quantum router using entangled photons, where the paths of a single-photon pulse are controlled in a coherent fashion by polarization of another single photon. Through a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-15 X. -Y. Chang , Y. -X. Wang , C. Zu , K. Liu , L. -M. Duan

A remarkable aspect of quantum theory is that certain measurement outcomes are entirely unpredictable to all possible observers. Such quantum events can be harnessed to generate numbers whose randomness is asserted based upon the underlying…

Random circuit sampling (RCS) is a leading approach to demonstrate quantum advantage, with its believed classical hardness rooted in anticoncentration of output distributions and average-case hardness of probability estimation. Here we show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Bingzhi Zhang , Quntao Zhuang