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Concurrent Kleene Algebra (CKA) is a recently proposed algebraic structure by Hoare and collaborators that unifies the laws of concurrent programming. The unifying power of CKA rests largely on the so-called exchange law that describes how…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-10-20 Alex Horn , Jade Alglave

Concurrent Kleene Algebra (CKA) extends basic Kleene algebra with a parallel composition operator, which enables reasoning about concurrent programs. However, CKA fundamentally misses tests, which are needed to model standard programming…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Tobias Kappé , Paul Brunet , Alexandra Silva , Jana Wagemaker , Fabio Zanasi

Concurrent Kleene Algebra is an elegant tool for equational reasoning about concurrent programs. An important feature of concurrent programs that is missing from CKA is the ability to restrict legal interleavings. To remedy this we extend…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Paul Brunet , David Pym

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is an algebraic framework for reasoning about the control flow of sequential programs. Generalising KAT to reason about concurrent programs is not straightforward, because axioms native to KAT in conjunction…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Tobias Kappé , Paul Brunet , Jurriaan Rot , Alexandra Silva , Jana Wagemaker , Fabio Zanasi

Concurrent Kleene Algebra (CKA) was introduced by Hoare, Moeller, Struth and Wehrman in 2009 as a framework to reason about concurrent programs. We prove that the axioms for CKA with bounded parallelism are complete for the semantics…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Tobias Kappé , Paul Brunet , Alexandra Silva , Fabio Zanasi

In the literature on Kleene algebra (KA), a number of variants have been proposed such as Kleene algebra with tests, commutative KA, bi-KA, and concurrent KA. The equational theories of some of these structures have then been studied in the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lukas Mulder , Damien Pous , Jana Wagemaker

Concurrent Kleene Algebra (CKA) is a formalism to study concurrent programs. Like previous Kleene Algebra extensions, developing a correspondence between denotational and operational perspectives is important, for both foundations and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Tobias Kappé , Paul Brunet , Bas Luttik , Alexandra Silva , Fabio Zanasi

Kleene algebra (KA) is an important tool for reasoning about general program equivalences, with a decidable and complete equational theory. However, KA cannot always prove equivalences between specific programs. For this purpose, one adds…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Liam Chung , Tobias Kappé

We present a Coq library about Kleene algebra with tests, including a proof of their completeness over the appropriate notion of languages, a decision procedure for their equational theory, and tools for exploiting hypotheses of a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-02-08 Damien Pous

We propose a generalisation of concurrent Kleene algebra \cite{Hoa09} that can take account of probabilistic effects in the presence of concurrency. The algebra is proved sound with respect to a model of automata modulo a variant of rooted…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-31 Annabelle McIver , Tahiry Rabehaja , Georg Struth

A recently published paper (Schmid, Rozowski, Silva, and Rot, 2022) offers a (co)algebraic framework for studying processes with algebraic branching structures and recursion operators. The framework captures Milner's algebra of regular…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Todd Schmid

We give a new true-concurrent model for probabilistic concurrent Kleene algebra. The model is based on probabilistic event structures, which combines ideas from Katoen's work on probabilistic concurrency and Varacca's probabilistic prime…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-10-10 Annabelle McIver , Tahiry Rabehaja , Georg Struth

Concurrent Kleene Algebra (CKA) is a mathematical formalism to study programs that exhibit concurrent behaviour. As with previous extensions of Kleene Algebra, characterizing the free model is crucial in order to develop the foundations of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Tobias Kappé , Paul Brunet , Bas Luttik , Alexandra Silva , Fabio Zanasi

Synchronous Kleene algebra (SKA), an extension of Kleene algebra (KA), was proposed by Prisacariu as a tool for reasoning about programs that may execute synchronously, i.e., in lock-step. We provide a countermodel witnessing that the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Jana Wagemaker , Marcello Bonsangue , Tobias Kappé , Jurriaan Rot , Alexandra Silva

We provide an extension of concurrent Kleene algebras to account for probabilistic properties. The algebra yields a unified framework containing nondeterminism, concurrency and probability and is sound with respect to the set of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-06-13 Annabelle McIver , Tahiry Rabehaja , Georg Struth

Kleene Algebra (KA) is a useful tool for proving that two programs are equivalent. Because KA's equational theory is decidable, it integrates well with interactive theorem provers. This raises the question: which equations can we (not)…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Tobias Kappé

Kleene algebras (KA) and Kleene algebras with tests (KAT) provide an algebraic framework to capture the behavior of conventional programming constructs. This paper explores a broader understanding of these structures, in order to enable the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Juliana Cunha , Alexandre Madeira , Luís S. Barbosa

For any partial combinatory algebra (PCA for short) A, the class of A-representable partial functions from N to A quotiented by the filter of cofinite sets of N, is a PCA such that the representable partial functions are exactly the…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Yohji Akama

Kleene algebra (KA) is the algebra of regular events. Familiar examples of Kleene algebras include regular sets, relational algebras, and trace algebras. A Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is a Kleene algebra with an embedded Boolean…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-01-16 James Worthington

A partial combinatory algebra (PCA) is a set equipped with a partial binary operation that models a notion of computability. This paper studies a generalization of PCAs, introduced by W. Stekelenburg, where a PCA is not a set but an object…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-23 Jetze Zoethout
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