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We consider the problem of learning an unknown product distribution $X$ over $\{0,1\}^n$ using samples $f(X)$ where $f$ is a \emph{known} transformation function. Each choice of a transformation function $f$ specifies a learning problem in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-03-04 Constantinos Daskalakis , Ilias Diakonikolas , Rocco A. Servedio

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, which aims to distinguish unknown classes from known classes, has received increasing attention recently. A main challenge within is the unavailable of samples from the unknown classes in the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Mingle Xu , Jaehwan Lee , Sook Yoon , Dong Sun Park

Given samples from an unknown distribution $p$, is it possible to distinguish whether $p$ belongs to some class of distributions $\mathcal{C}$ versus $p$ being far from every distribution in $\mathcal{C}$? This fundamental question has…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-12-09 Jayadev Acharya , Constantinos Daskalakis , Gautam Kamath

We examine the extent to which sublinear-sample property testing and estimation apply to settings where samples are independently but not identically distributed. Specifically, we consider the following distributional property testing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Shivam Garg , Chirag Pabbaraju , Kirankumar Shiragur , Gregory Valiant

Distribution testing deals with what information can be deduced about an unknown distribution over $\{1,\ldots,n\}$, where the algorithm is only allowed to obtain a relatively small number of independent samples from the distribution. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-09-23 Eldar Fischer , Oded Lachish , Yadu Vasudev

We study the problem of testing discrete distributions with a focus on the high probability regime. Specifically, given samples from one or more discrete distributions, a property $\mathcal{P}$, and parameters $0< \epsilon, \delta <1$, we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Ilias Diakonikolas , Themis Gouleakis , Daniel M. Kane , John Peebles , Eric Price

We initiate a systematic investigation of distribution testing in the framework of algorithmic replicability. Specifically, given independent samples from a collection of probability distributions, the goal is to characterize the sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Ilias Diakonikolas , Jingyi Gao , Daniel Kane , Sihan Liu , Christopher Ye

While a broad range of techniques have been proposed to tackle distribution shift, the simple baseline of training on an $\textit{undersampled}$ balanced dataset often achieves close to state-of-the-art-accuracy across several popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Niladri S. Chatterji , Saminul Haque , Tatsunori Hashimoto

The $k$-of-$n$ testing problem involves performing $n$ independent tests sequentially, in order to determine whether/not at least $k$ tests pass. The objective is to minimize the expected cost of testing. This is a fundamental and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rayen Tan , Viswanath Nagarajan

We consider the problem of hypothesis testing for discrete distributions. In the standard model, where we have sample access to an underlying distribution $p$, extensive research has established optimal bounds for uniformity testing,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Maryam Aliakbarpour , Piotr Indyk , Ronitt Rubinfeld , Sandeep Silwal

Offline reinforcement learning aims to learn from pre-collected datasets without active exploration. This problem faces significant challenges, including limited data availability and distributional shifts. Existing approaches adopt a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Yue Wang , Jinjun Xiong , Shaofeng Zou

In many situations, sample data is obtained from a noisy or imperfect source. In order to address such corruptions, this paper introduces the concept of a sampling corrector. Such algorithms use structure that the distribution is purported…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Clément Canonne , Themis Gouleakis , Ronitt Rubinfeld

This work explores a novel perspective on solving nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization problems by leveraging sampling based methods. Instead of treating the objective function purely through traditional (often deterministic) optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-21 Nahom Seyoum , Haoxiang You

Multi-distribution learning generalizes the classic PAC learning to handle data coming from multiple distributions. Given a set of $k$ data distributions and a hypothesis class of VC dimension $d$, the goal is to learn a hypothesis that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Binghui Peng

We study the complexity of two closely related learning problems, one quantum and one classical. In the quantum setting, we consider agnostic tomography for the natural class of product mixed states. Given $N$ copies of an $n$-qubit state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Alvan Arulandu , Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel Kane , Jerry Li

We consider the problems of \emph{learning} and \emph{testing} real-valued convex functions over Gaussian space. Despite the extensive study of function convexity across mathematics, statistics, and computer science, its learnability and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Renato Ferreira Pinto , Cassandra Marcussen , Elchanan Mossel , Shivam Nadimpalli

We study high-dimensional distribution learning in an agnostic setting where an adversary is allowed to arbitrarily corrupt an $\varepsilon$-fraction of the samples. Such questions have a rich history spanning statistics, machine learning…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Ilias Diakonikolas , Gautam Kamath , Daniel Kane , Jerry Li , Ankur Moitra , Alistair Stewart

Most current sampling algorithms for high-dimensional distributions are based on MCMC techniques and are approximate in the sense that they are valid only asymptotically. Rejection sampling, on the other hand, produces valid samples, but is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-04 Marc Dymetman , Guillaume Bouchard , Simon Carter

We consider the problem of estimating how well a model class is capable of fitting a distribution of labeled data. We show that it is often possible to accurately estimate this "learnability" even when given an amount of data that is too…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Weihao Kong , Gregory Valiant

Stochastic gradient descent type methods are ubiquitous in machine learning, but they are only applicable to the optimization of differentiable functions. Proximal algorithms are more general and applicable to nonsmooth functions. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Laurent Condat , Elnur Gasanov , Peter Richtárik