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Internet memes represent a popular form of multimodal online communication and often use figurative elements to convey layered meaning through the combination of text and images. However, it remains largely unclear how multimodal large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Shijia Zhou , Saif M. Mohammad , Barbara Plank , Diego Frassinelli

The rise of emergence of social media platforms has fundamentally altered how people communicate, and among the results of these developments is an increase in online use of abusive content. Therefore, automatically detecting this content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Khouloud Mnassri , Praboda Rajapaksha , Reza Farahbakhsh , Noel Crespi

Idiomatic expressions can be problematic for natural language processing applications as their meaning cannot be inferred from their constituting words. A lack of successful methodological approaches and sufficiently large datasets prevents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Tadej Škvorc , Polona Gantar , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

By utilizing label distribution learning, a probability distribution is assigned for a facial image to express a compound emotion, which effectively improves the problem of label uncertainties and noises occurred in one-hot labels. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Shasha Mao , Guanghui Shi , Licheng Jiao , Shuiping Gou , Yangyang Li , Lin Xiong , Boxin Shi

Multimodal Emotion Recognition (MER) is a critical research area that seeks to decode human emotions from diverse data modalities. However, existing machine learning methods predominantly rely on predefined emotion taxonomies, which fail to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Zheng Lian , Haiyang Sun , Licai Sun , Haoyu Chen , Lan Chen , Hao Gu , Zhuofan Wen , Shun Chen , Siyuan Zhang , Hailiang Yao , Bin Liu , Rui Liu , Shan Liang , Ya Li , Jiangyan Yi , Jianhua Tao

Usage similarity estimation addresses the semantic proximity of word instances in different contexts. We apply contextualized (ELMo and BERT) word and sentence embeddings to this task, and propose supervised models that leverage these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Aina Garí Soler , Marianna Apidianaki , Alexandre Allauzen

Most emotion recognition methods tackle the emotion understanding task by considering individual emotion independently while ignoring their fuzziness nature and the interconnections among them. In this paper, we explore how emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Peng Xu , Zihan Liu , Genta Indra Winata , Zhaojiang Lin , Pascale Fung

Emotion Recognition (ER) is the process of identifying human emotions from given data. Currently, the field heavily relies on facial expression recognition (FER) because facial expressions contain rich emotional cues. However, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Yuanyuan Liu , Lin Wei , Kejun Liu , Yibing Zhan , Zijing Chen , Zhe Chen , Shiguang Shan

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong capabilities in perception, reasoning, and generation, and are increasingly used in applications such as social robots and human-computer interaction, where understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 He Hu , Tengjin Weng , Zebang Cheng , Yu Wang , Jiachen Luo , Björn Schuller , Zheng Lian , Laizhong Cui

Prior work on pretrained sentence embeddings and benchmarks focus on the capabilities of stand-alone sentences. We propose DiscoEval, a test suite of tasks to evaluate whether sentence representations include broader context information. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Mingda Chen , Zewei Chu , Kevin Gimpel

We introduce EQ-Bench, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate aspects of emotional intelligence in Large Language Models (LLMs). We assess the ability of LLMs to understand complex emotions and social interactions by asking them to predict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Samuel J. Paech

Emotion detection can provide us with a window into understanding human behavior. Due to the complex dynamics of human emotions, however, constructing annotated datasets to train automated models can be expensive. Thus, we explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Sabit Hassan , Shaden Shaar , Kareem Darwish

Cross-lingual embeddings represent the meaning of words from different languages in the same vector space. Recent work has shown that it is possible to construct such representations by aligning independently learned monolingual embedding…

Multimodal emotion recognition (MER) aims to detect the emotional status of a given expression by combining the speech and text information. Intuitively, label information should be capable of helping the model locate the salient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Peiying Wang , Sunlu Zeng , Junqing Chen , Lu Fan , Meng Chen , Youzheng Wu , Xiaodong He

Estimating the intensity of emotion has gained significance as modern textual inputs in potential applications like social media, e-retail markets, psychology, advertisements etc., carry a lot of emotions, feelings, expressions along with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Subba Reddy Oota , Adithya Avvaru , Mounika Marreddy , Radhika Mamidi

Affective judgment in real interaction is rarely a purely local prediction problem. Emotional meaning often depends on prior trajectory, accumulated context, and multimodal evidence that may be weak, noisy, or incomplete at the current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Deliang Wen , Ke Sun , Yu Wang

The purpose of emotion recognition in conversation (ERC) is to identify the emotion category of an utterance based on contextual information. Previous ERC methods relied on simple connections for cross-modal fusion and ignored the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Haoxiang Shi , Xulong Zhang , Ning Cheng , Yong Zhang , Jun Yu , Jing Xiao , Jianzong Wang

Emotion and intent recognition from speech is essential and has been widely investigated in human-computer interaction. The rapid development of social media platforms, chatbots, and other technologies has led to a large volume of speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Zhao Ren , Rathi Adarshi Rammohan , Kevin Scheck , Sheng Li , Tanja Schultz

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in neural speech synthesis. While the deep neural network achieves the state-of-the-art result in text-to-speech (TTS) tasks, how to generate a more emotional and more expressive speech is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Chenye Cui , Yi Ren , Jinglin Liu , Feiyang Chen , Rongjie Huang , Ming Lei , Zhou Zhao

Twitter is a well-known microblogging social site where users express their views and opinions in real-time. As a result, tweets tend to contain valuable information. With the advancements of deep learning in the domain of natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Mohiuddin Md Abdul Qudar , Vijay Mago