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A natural way to resolve different points of view and form opinions is through exchanging arguments and knowledge. Facing the vast amount of available information on the internet, people tend to focus on information consistent with their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Klaus Weber , Annalena Aicher , Wolfang Minker , Stefan Ultes , Elisabeth André

With a major focus on its history, difficulties, and promise, this research paper provides a thorough analysis of the chatbot technology environment as it exists today. It provides a very flexible chatbot system that makes use of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Shivom Aggarwal , Shourya Mehra , Pritha Mitra

This study investigates the capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to infer the Big Five personality traits from free-form user interactions. The results demonstrate that a chatbot powered by GPT-4 can infer personality with moderate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Heinrich Peters , Moran Cerf , Sandra C. Matz

Interactive systems such as chatbots and games are increasingly used to persuade and educate on sustainability-related topics, yet it remains unclear how different delivery formats shape learning and persuasive outcomes when content is held…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Seyed Hossein Alavi , Zining Wang , Shruthi Chockkalingam , Raymond T. Ng , Vered Shwartz

Providing scaffolding through educational chatbots built on Large Language Models (LLM) has potential risks and benefits that remain an open area of research. When students navigate impasses, they ask for help by formulating impasse-driven…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Alexandra Neagu , Marcus Messer , Peter Johnson , Rhodri Nelson

In spoken dialogue systems, we aim to deploy artificial intelligence to build automated dialogue agents that can converse with humans. Dialogue systems are increasingly being designed to move beyond just imitating conversation and also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Atharv Singh Patlan , Shiven Tripathi , Shubham Korde

Recent neural models of dialogue generation offer great promise for generating responses for conversational agents, but tend to be shortsighted, predicting utterances one at a time while ignoring their influence on future outcomes. Modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-30 Jiwei Li , Will Monroe , Alan Ritter , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao , Dan Jurafsky

A sentiment analysis system powered by machine learning was created in this study to improve real-time social network public opinion monitoring. For sophisticated sentiment identification, the suggested approach combines cutting-edge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Arsen Tolebay Nurlanuly

Real-time, intelligent, and natural speech interaction is an essential part of the next-generation human-computer interaction. Recent advancements have showcased the potential of building intelligent spoken chatbots based on large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Qingkai Fang , Yan Zhou , Shoutao Guo , Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

There are currently two main paradigms for evaluating large language models (LLMs), reference-based evaluation and preference-based evaluation. The first, carried over from the evaluation of machine learning models in general, relies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 David Schlangen , Sherzod Hakimov , Chalamalasetti Kranti , Jonathan Jordan , Philipp Sadler

Neural conversational models tend to produce generic or safe responses in different contexts, e.g., reply \textit{"Of course"} to narrative statements or \textit{"I don't know"} to questions. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-21 Kun Xiong , Anqi Cui , Zefeng Zhang , Ming Li

An important aspect of developing conversational agents is to give a bot the ability to improve through communicating with humans and to learn from the mistakes that it makes. Most research has focused on learning from fixed training sets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-17 Jiwei Li , Alexander H. Miller , Sumit Chopra , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato , Jason Weston

Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly integrated into everyday interactions, serving not only as information assistants but also as emotional companions. Even in the absence of explicit toxicity, repeated emotional reinforcement or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Jihyung Park , Saleh Afroogh , David Atkinson , Junfeng Jiao

An AI chatbot provides an impressive response after learning from the trained dataset. In this decade, most of the research work demonstrates that deep neural models superior to any other model. RNN model regularly used for determining the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Abu Kaisar Mohammad Masum , Sheikh Abujar , Sharmin Akter , Nushrat Jahan Ria , Syed Akhter Hossain

Social chatbots based on large language models are increasingly embedded in everyday platforms, yet how users develop trust in these systems over time remains unclear. We present a four-week longitudinal qualitative survey study (N = 27) of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Annie Landerberg , Kari Flatmo , Alan Said

Many users interact with AI tools like ChatGPT using a mental model that treats the system as human-like, which we call Model H. According to goal-setting theory, increased specificity in goals should reduce performance variance. If Model H…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Mrityunjay Kumar

A chatbot's personality design is key to interaction quality. As chatbots evolved from rule-based systems to those powered by large language models (LLMs), evaluating the effectiveness of their personality design has become increasingly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Huiqi Zou , Pengda Wang , Zihan Yan , Tianjun Sun , Ziang Xiao

A Chatbot serves as a communication tool between a human user and a machine to achieve an appropriate answer based on the human input. In more recent approaches, a combination of Natural Language Processing and sequential models are used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Nura Esfandiari , Kourosh Kiani , Razieh Rastgoo

Accurate prediction of conversation topics can be a valuable signal for creating coherent and engaging dialog systems. In this work, we focus on context-aware topic classification methods for identifying topics in free-form human-chatbot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-22 Chandra Khatri , Rahul Goel , Behnam Hedayatnia , Angeliki Metanillou , Anushree Venkatesh , Raefer Gabriel , Arindam Mandal

Chatbots are software typically embedded in Web and Mobile applications designed to assist the user in a plethora of activities, from chit-chatting to task completion. They enable diverse forms of interactions, like text and voice commands.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Rocco Gianni Rapisarda , Davide Ginelli , Diego Clerissi , Leonardo Mariani