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Noiseless linear amplification (NLA) is useful for a wide variety of quantum protocols. Here we propose a fully scalable amplifier which, for asymptotically large sizes, can perform perfect fidelity NLA on any quantum state. Given finite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Joshua J. Guanzon , Matthew S. Winnel , Austin P. Lund , Timothy C. Ralph

By considering an unreliable oracle in a query-based model of quantum learning, we present a tradeoff relation between the oracle's reliability and the reusability of quantum state of the input data. The tradeoff relation manifests as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-15 Jeongho Bang , Arijit Dutta , Seung-Woo Lee , Jaewan Kim

A major application of quantum communication is the distribution of entangled particles for use in quantum key distribution (QKD). Due to noise in the communication line, QKD is in practice limited to a distance of a few hundred kilometres,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-28 Stefan Bäuml , Matthias Christandl , Karol Horodecki , Andreas Winter

At the core of the quantum Internet lie quantum repeaters that enable remote end-to-end entanglement generation. Fundamentally, the entanglement generation rate and fidelity of quantum repeaters constitute the bottleneck for end-to-end…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Karim S. Elsayed , Amr Rizk

Quantum networks, capable of transmitting arbitrary quantum states, provide a foundation for a wide range of quantum applications, including distributed quantum computing, distributed quantum sensing, and quantum communication. Photons are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Tian-Xiang Zhu , Xiao Liu , Zong-Quan Zhou , Chuan-Feng Li

Reliable distribution of quantum entanglement over long distances is a central challenge in quantum information science, fundamentally limited by decoherence in noisy communication channels. In this work, we investigate the asymptotic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Piotr Masajada , Aby Philip , Alexander Streltsov

We review our models of quantum associative memories that represent the "quantization" of fully coupled neural networks like the Hopfield model. The idea is to replace the classical irreversible attractor dynamics driven by an Ising model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-15 M. Cristina Diamantini , Carlo A. Trugenberger

In quantum computing architectures, one important factor is the trade-off between the need to couple qubits to each other and to an external drive and the need to isolate them well enough in order to protect the information for an extended…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-29 Kasra Sardashti , Matthieu C. Dartiailh , Joseph Yuan , Sean Hart , Patryk Gumann , Javad Shabani

Global scale quantum communication links will form the backbone of the quantum internet. However, exponential loss in optical fibres precludes any realistic application beyond few hundred kilometres. Quantum repeaters and space-based…

Single photons are the flying qubits of choice for distributing entanglement in a quantum internet. Quantum memories embedded in quantum repeaters are crucial to overcome transmission loss and enhance the rate of quantum communication. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 H. -X Luo , C. Li , J. -L. Ren , Y. Yuan , Y. -L. Wen , J. -F. Li , Y. -F. Wang , S. -C. Zhang , H. Yan , S. -L. Zhu

Quantum repeaters - fundamental building blocks for long-distance quantum communication - are based on the interaction between photons and quantum memories. The photons must fulfil stringent requirements on central frequency, spectral…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Benjamin Brecht , Kai-Hong Luo , Harald Herrmann , Christine Silberhorn

Quantum Energy Teleportation (QET) constitutes a paradigm-shifting protocol that permits the activation of local vacuum energy through the consumption of pre-existing entanglement and classical communication. Nevertheless, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 M. Y. Abd-Rabbou , Irfan Siddique , Saeed Haddadi , Cong-Feng Qiao

In order for quantum communications systems to become widely used, it will probably be necessary to develop quantum repeaters that can extend the range of quantum key distribution systems and correct for errors in the transmission of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. D. Franson , B. C. Jacobs , T. B. Pittman

In the absence of quantum repeaters, quantum communication proved to be nearly impossible across optical fibres longer than $\gtrsim 20\text{ km}$ due to the drop of transmissivity below the critical threshold of $1/2$. However, if the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-29 Francesco Anna Mele , Ludovico Lami , Vittorio Giovannetti

We develop novel protocols for generating loss-tolerant quantum codes; these are central for safeguarding information against qubit losses, with most crucial applications in quantum communications. Contrary to current proposals, our method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Francesco Cesa , Tommaso Feri , Angelo Bassi

Efficiently distributing secret keys over long distances remains a critical challenge in the development of quantum networks. "First-generation" quantum repeater chains distribute entanglement by executing protocols composed of…

Quantum repeater is the key technology enabler for long-distance quantum communication. To date, most of the existing quantum repeater protocols are designed based on specific quantum codes or graph states. In this paper, we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-20 Daoheng Niu , Yuxuan Zhang , Alireza Shabani , Hassan Shapourian

Quantum repeaters have promised efficient scaling of quantum networks for over two decades. Despite numerous platforms proclaiming functional repeaters, the realization of large-scale networks remains elusive, indicating that the resources…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Manik Dawar , Ralf Riedinger , Nilesh Vyas , Paulo Mendes

Realizing large-scale quantum networks requires the generation of high-fidelity quantum entanglement states between remote quantum nodes, a key resource for quantum communication, distributed computation and sensing applications. However,…

The quantum capacity of a noisy quantum channel determines the maximal rate at which we can code reliably over asymptotically many uses of the channel, and it characterizes the channel's ultimate ability to transmit quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 Xin Wang