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Existing data augmentation approaches for neural machine translation (NMT) have predominantly relied on back-translating in-domain (IND) monolingual corpora. These methods suffer from issues associated with a domain information gap, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Wei Peng , Chongxuan Huang , Tianhao Li , Yun Chen , Qun Liu

Morphological modeling in neural machine translation (NMT) is a promising approach to achieving open-vocabulary machine translation for morphologically-rich languages. However, existing methods such as sub-word tokenization and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Antoine Nzeyimana

Data-driven segmentation of words into subword units has been used in various natural language processing applications such as automatic speech recognition and statistical machine translation for almost 20 years. Recently it has became more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Stig-Arne Grönroos , Sami Virpioja , Mikko Kurimo

We propose an adapter based multi-domain Transformer based language model (LM) for Transformer ASR. The model consists of a big size common LM and small size adapters. The model can perform multi-domain adaptation with only the small size…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-12 Taewoo Lee , Min-Joong Lee , Tae Gyoon Kang , Seokyeoung Jung , Minseok Kwon , Yeona Hong , Jungin Lee , Kyoung-Gu Woo , Ho-Gyeong Kim , Jiseung Jeong , Jihyun Lee , Hosik Lee , Young Sang Choi

To train transcriptor models that produce robust results, a large and diverse labeled dataset is required. Finding such data with the necessary characteristics is a challenging task, especially for languages less popular than English.…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Alexandre R. Ferreira , Cláudio E. C. Campelo

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR), unlike conventional ASR, does not have modules to learn the semantic representation from speech encoder. Moreover, the higher frame-rate of speech representation prevents the model to learn the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Md Akmal Haidar , Chao Xing , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh

Generative error correction (GER) with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as an effective post-processing approach to improve automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance. However, it often struggles with rare or domain-specific…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Natsuo Yamashita , Masaaki Yamamoto , Hiroaki Kokubo , Yohei Kawaguchi

While automatic speech recognition (ASR) greatly benefits from data augmentation, the augmentation recipes themselves tend to be heuristic. In this paper, we address one of the heuristic approach associated with balancing the right amount…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-17 Vishwanath Pratap Singh , Federico Malato , Ville Hautamaki , Md. Sahidullah , Tomi Kinnunen

Data augmentation is a widely adopted technique for avoiding overfitting when training deep neural networks. However, this approach requires domain-specific knowledge and is often limited to a fixed set of hard-coded transformations.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-08-19 Oguz Kaan Yuksel , Sebastian U. Stich , Martin Jaggi , Tatjana Chavdarova

Language models (LMs) pre-trained on massive amounts of text, in particular bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers (BERT), generative pre-training (GPT), and GPT-2, have become a key technology for many natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Xianrui Zheng , Chao Zhang , Philip C. Woodland

We explore deep autoregressive Transformer models in language modeling for speech recognition. We focus on two aspects. First, we revisit Transformer model configurations specifically for language modeling. We show that well configured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Kazuki Irie , Albert Zeyer , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

The advent of Large Language Models (LLM) has reformed the Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). Prompting LLM with audio embeddings to generate transcriptions becomes the new state-of-the-art ASR. Despite LLMs being trained with an extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Yingyi Ma , Zhe Liu , Ozlem Kalinli

Large language models (LLM) have demonstrated the ability to understand human language by leveraging large amount of text data. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are often limited by available transcribed speech data and benefit…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-26 Prashanth Gurunath Shivakumar , Jari Kolehmainen , Aditya Gourav , Yi Gu , Ankur Gandhe , Ariya Rastrow , Ivan Bulyko

Text data augmentation is a widely used strategy for mitigating data sparsity in natural language processing (NLP), particularly in low-resource settings where limited samples hinder effective semantic modeling. While augmentation can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Payal Bhattad , Sai Manoj Pudukotai Dinakarrao , Anju Gupta

Neural machine translation (NMT) has recently gained widespread attention because of its high translation accuracy. However, it shows poor performance in the translation of long sentences, which is a major issue in low-resource languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Seiichiro Kondo , Kengo Hotate , Masahiro Kaneko , Mamoru Komachi

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in two-pass streaming end-to-end speech recognition (ASR) that incorporates a 2nd-pass rescoring model on top of the conventional 1st-pass streaming ASR model to improve recognition accuracy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Suyoun Kim , Ke Li , Lucas Kabela , Rongqing Huang , Jiedan Zhu , Ozlem Kalinli , Duc Le

Code-switching (CS) speech refers to the phenomenon of mixing two or more languages within the same sentence. Despite the recent advances in automatic speech recognition (ASR), CS-ASR is still a challenging task ought to the grammatical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Chen Chen , Yuchen Hu , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Hexin Liu , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi , Eng Siong Chng

While end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models have shown impressive performance in transcribing general speech, they often struggle to accurately recognize contextually relevant keywords, such as proper nouns or user-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Shilin Zhou , Zhenghua Li

This paper presents a method for selecting appropriate synthetic speech samples from a given large text-to-speech (TTS) dataset as supplementary training data for an automatic speech recognition (ASR) model. We trained a neural network,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-05 Shuo Liu , Leda Sarı , Chunyang Wu , Gil Keren , Yuan Shangguan , Jay Mahadeokar , Ozlem Kalinli

Language model based pre-trained models such as BERT have provided significant gains across different NLP tasks. In this paper, we study different types of transformer based pre-trained models such as auto-regressive models (GPT-2),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Varun Kumar , Ashutosh Choudhary , Eunah Cho
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