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Following Fisher, it is widely believed that randomization "relieves the experimenter from the anxiety of considering innumerable causes by which the data may be disturbed." In particular, it is said to control for known and unknown…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-02 Uwe Saint-Mont

We present an optimized rerandomization design procedure for a non-sequential treatment-control experiment. Randomized experiments are the gold standard for finding causal effects in nature. But sometimes random assignments result in…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-26 Adam Kapelner , Abba M. Krieger , Michael Sklar , David Azriel

Power analyses are an important aspect of experimental design, because they help determine how experiments are implemented in practice. It is common to specify a desired level of power and compute the sample size necessary to obtain that…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-09 Zach Branson , Xinran Li , Peng Ding

Factorial designs with randomization restrictions are often used in industrial experiments when a complete randomization of trials is impractical. In the statistics literature, the analysis, construction and isomorphism of factorial designs…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-25 Neil A. Spencer , Pritam Ranjan , Franklin Mendivil

Regular factorial designs with randomization restrictions are widely used in practice. This paper provides a unified approach to the construction of such designs using randomization defining contrast subspaces for the representation of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-03 Pritam Ranjan , Derek R. Bingham , Angela M. Dean

Clustering is a crucial task in various domains of knowledge, including medicine, epidemiology, genomics, environmental science, economics, and visual sciences, among others. Methodologies for inferring the number of clusters have often…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-26 Clara Grazian

A common method to reduce the uncertainty of causal inferences from experiments is to assign treatments in fixed proportions within groups of similar units: blocking. Previous results indicate that one can expect substantial reductions in…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-08-31 Fredrik Sävje

Randomization procedures are used in legal and statistical applications, aiming to shield important decisions from spurious influences. This article gives an intuitive introduction to randomization and examines some intended consequences of…

A main task in data analysis is to organize data points into coherent groups or clusters. The stochastic block model is a probabilistic model for the cluster structure. This model prescribes different probabilities for the presence of edges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Alexander Jung

Randomized trials balance all covariates on average and provide the gold standard for estimating treatment effects. Chance imbalances nevertheless exist more or less in realized treatment allocations and intrigue an important question: what…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-18 Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding

Matching mechanisms play a central role in operations management across diverse fields including education, healthcare, and online platforms. However, experimentally comparing a new matching algorithm against a status quo presents some…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-30 Chonghuan Wang

Researchers often turn to block randomization to increase the precision of their inference or due to practical considerations, such as in multisite trials. However, if the number of treatments under consideration is large it might not be…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-26 Taehyeon Koo , Nicole E. Pashley

In this review, we present econometric and statistical methods for analyzing randomized experiments. For basic experiments we stress randomization-based inference as opposed to sampling-based inference. In randomization-based inference,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-26 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens

Clinical machine learning applications are often plagued with confounders that are clinically irrelevant, but can still artificially boost the predictive performance of the algorithms. Confounding is especially problematic in mobile health…

Applications · Statistics 2018-11-29 Elias Chaibub Neto

Control scenarios have been identified where the use of randomized design may substantially improve the performance of dynamical decoupling methods [L. F. Santos and L. Viola, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 97}, 150501 (2006)]. Here, by focusing on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Lea F. Santos , Lorenza Viola

We demonstrate the advantages of randomization in coherent quantum dynamical control. For systems which are either time-varying or require decoupling cycles involving a large number of operations, we find that simple randomized protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Lea F. Santos , Lorenza Viola

Data randomization or scrambling has been effectively used in various applications to improve the data security. In this paper, we use the idea of data randomization to proactively randomize the spectrum (re)allocation to improve…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-04-19 Sandeep Kumar Singh , Wolfgang Bziuk , Admela Jukan

Recently, there as been an increasing interest in the use of heavily restricted randomization designs which enforces balance on observed covariates in randomized controlled trials. However, when restrictions are strict, there is a risk that…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-15 Mattias Nordin , Mårten Schultzberg

Adaptive sample size re-estimation, early stopping, and trial re-design at interim analyses can reduce expected sample sizes in randomised trials. Cluster randomised trials, in which groups of participants are randomly allocated to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-09 Samuel I. Watson , James Martin

Balancing influential covariates is crucial for valid treatment comparisons in clinical studies. While covariate-adaptive randomization is commonly used to achieve balance, its performance can be inadequate when the number of baseline…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-30 Ziqing Guo , Yang Liu , Lucy Xia