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The output impedance matrix of a grid-connected converter plays an important role in analyzing system stability. Due to the dynamics of the DC-link control and the phase locked loop (PLL), the output impedance matrices of the converter and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Huanhai Xin , Ziheng Li , Wei Dong , Leiqi Zhang , Zhen Wang , Jian Zhao

Due to more volatile generation, flexibility will become more important in transmission grids. One potential source of this flexibility can be distribution grids. A flexibility request from the transmission grid to a distribution grid then…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-05 Lukas Ortmann , Fabian Böhm , Florian Klein-Helmkamp , Andreas Ulbig , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler

This paper addresses the distributed optimal frequency control of power systems considering a network-preserving model with nonlinear power flows and excitation voltage dynamics. Salient features of the proposed distributed control strategy…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Zhaojian Wang , Feng Liu , John Z. F. Pang , Steven Low , Shengwei Mei

Fluctuations in phase angle and frequency under large disturbances can lead to loss of synchronism (LOS) in grid-following (GFL) converters. The power angle and frequency of synchronous generators (SGs) correspond to rotor position and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Fangyuan Sun , Ruisheng Diao , Ruiyuan Zeng , Junjie Li , Wangqianyun Tang

Loco-Manipulation for humanoid robots aims to enable robots to integrate mobility with upper-body tracking capabilities. Most existing approaches adopt hierarchical architectures that decompose control into isolated upper-body…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wandong Sun , Luying Feng , Baoshi Cao , Yang Liu , Yaochu Jin , Zongwu Xie

This paper develops a multivariable current control strategy for inverter-based resources (IBRs) based on optimal control theory to enhance their dynamic performance and grid synchronization stability. The structure of the implemented…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-11 Hassan Yazdani , Ali Maleki , Saeed Lotfifard , Ali Saberi

We consider the problem of controlling the voltage of a distribution feeder using the reactive power capabilities of inverters. On a real distribution grid, we compare the local Volt/VAr droop control recommended in recent grid codes, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-22 Lukas Ortmann , Adrian Hauswirth , Ivo Caduff , Florian Dörfler , Saverio Bolognani

Power electronic converters for integrating renewable energy resources into power systems can be divided into grid-forming and grid-following inverters. They possess certain similarities, but several important differences, which means that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-28 Yitong Li , Yunjie Gu , Timothy C. Green

This paper proposes a unified methodology for voltage regulation, frequency synchronization, and rotor angle control in power transmission systems considering a one-axis generator model with time-varying voltages. First, we formulate an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-05 Yijun Chen , Kanghong Shi , Ian R. Petersen , Elizabeth L. Ratnam

Voltage (Volt) and reactive-power (VAR) control in transmission networks is critical for reliability and increasingly needs fast, implementable decisions. This paper presents a transmission Volt/VAR Optimization (VVO) framework that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Shuaicheng Tong , Michael A. Boateng , Mathieu Tanneau , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Object-Centric Learning (OCL) aggregates image or video feature maps into object-level feature vectors, termed \textit{slots}. It's self-supervision of reconstructing the input from slots struggles with complex object textures, thus Vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Rongzhen Zhao , Vivienne Wang , Juho Kannala , Joni Pajarinen

This paper presents the analytical design of a new wide tuning range and low-noise millimeter-wave voltage control oscillators (VCO) for 5G technology. The small signal model analysis and phase noise of the VCOs will be presented to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Minh Xuan Bui , Nguyen Thien Dat , Van Hong Lam , Tran Le Anh Quan , Pham Hung Anh , Mai Dong Xuan , Ke Wang

There has been widespread global increasing use of renewable energy sources, which are usually connected to the electricity grids via power electronic inverters. Traditionally, these inverter-based resources operate in either grid-forming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Zhenshuai Liu , Yitong Li , Zirui Wang , Jiashuo Gu , Yao Qin , Jinjun Liu

At recent times, with the incremental demand of the fully autonomous system, a huge research interest is observed in learning machine based intelligent, self-organizing, and evolving controller. In this work, a new evolving and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-02-05 MD. Meftahul Ferdaus , Mahardhika Pratama , Sreenatha G Anavatti , Matthew A Garratt , Yongping Pan

This paper addresses frequency regulation under operational constraints in interconnected power systems with high penetration of inverter-based renewable generation. A two-layer control architecture is proposed that combines optimized droop…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Jose A. Solano-Castellanos , Hassan Haes Alhelou , Ali T. Al- Awami , Mohannad Alkhraijah , Anuradha M. Annaswamy

This paper reviews Voltage-Source Converters (VSCs) EMT and Phasor models currently used to simulate converter-interfaced generation (CIG) and renewable energy resources integration to power systems. Several modelling guidelines and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-03 Vinícius Albernaz Lacerda , Eduardo Prieto Araujo , Marc Cheah-Mañe , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt

A new simulation technique to obtain the synchronized steady-state solutions existing in coupled oscillator systems is presented. The technique departs from a semi-analytical formulation presented in previous works. It extends the model of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-22 Pedro Umpierrez , Victor Arana , Sergio Sancho

In high-penetration renewable power systems with complex and highly variable operating scenarios, grid-connected inverters (GCIs) may transition between different control modes to adapt to diverse grid conditions. Among these, the switching…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-23 Qiping Lai , Yi Shen , Chen Shen

This paper focuses on the effective use of smart inverters for Volt/Var control (VVC) on a distribution system. New smart inverters offer Var support capability but for their effective use they need to be coordinated with existing Volt/Var…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-23 Valliappan Muthukaruppan , Yue Shi , Mesut Baran

Virtual inertia controllers (VICs) for wind turbine generators (WTGs) have been recently developed to compensate for the reduction of inertia in power systems. However, VICs can induce low-frequency torsional oscillations of the drive train…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Bi Liu , Qi Huang , Junbo Zhao , Federico Milano , Yingchen Zhang