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The state complexity of a Deterministic Finite-state automaton (DFA) is the number of states in its minimal equivalent DFA. We study the state complexity of random $n$-state DFAs over a $k$-symbol alphabet, drawn uniformly from the set…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-03 Daniel Berend , Aryeh Kontorovich

Automata learning is a technique that has successfully been applied in verification, with the automaton type varying depending on the application domain. Adaptations of automata learning algorithms for increasingly complex types of automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Gerco van Heerdt , Matteo Sammartino , Alexandra Silva

The communication matrix for two-way deterministic finite automata (2DFA) with $n$ states is defined for an automaton over a full alphabet of all $(2n+1)^n$ possible symbols: its rows and columns are indexed by strings, and the entry $(u,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Semyon Petrov , Fedor Petrov , Alexander Okhotin

In this work, we introduce DeepDFA, a novel approach to identifying Deterministic Finite Automata (DFAs) from traces, harnessing a differentiable yet discrete model. Inspired by both the probabilistic relaxation of DFAs and Recurrent Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Elena Umili , Roberto Capobianco

We generalize some of the central results in automata theory to the abstraction level of coalgebras and thus lay out the foundations of a universal theory of automata operating on infinite objects. Let F be any set functor that preserves…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 C. Kupke , Y. Venema

Determining the minimum number of states required by a finite automaton to separate a given pair of different words is an important problem. In this paper, we consider this problem for quantum automata (QFAs). We show that 2-state QFAs can…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Aleksandrs Belovs , Juan Andres Montoya , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz

A deterministic finite automaton is directable if it has a directing word which takes the automaton from every state to the same state. These notions have been extended also to other kinds of automata. Thus, B.~Imreh and M.~Steinby (1999)…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Magnus Steinby

We propose a query learning algorithm for residual symbolic finite automata (RSFAs). Symbolic finite automata (SFAs) are finite automata whose transitions are labeled by predicates over a Boolean algebra, in which a big collection of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Kaizaburo Chubachi , Diptarama Hendrian , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

We introduce a new translation from linear temporal logic (LTL) to deterministic Emerson-Lei automata, which are omega-automata with a Muller acceptance condition symbolically expressed as a Boolean formula. The richer acceptance condition…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-08 David Müller , Salomon Sickert

Previously, self-verifying symmetric difference automata were defined and a tight bound of 2^n-1-1 was shown for state complexity in the unary case. We now consider the non-unary case and show that, for every n at least 2, there is a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-23 Laurette Marais , Lynette van Zijl

We introduce layered automata, a subclass of alternating parity automata that generalises deterministic automata. Assuming a consistency property, these automata are history deterministic and 0-1 probabilistic. We show that every…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Antonio Casares , Christof Löding , Igor Walukiewicz

Using combinatorial properties of incomplete sets in a free monoid we construct a series of n-state deterministic automata with zero whose shortest synchronizing word has length n^2/4+n/2-1.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-07-28 E. V. Pribavkina

Exclusive nondeterministic finite automata (XNFA) are nondeterministic finite automata with a special acceptance condition. An input is accepted if there is exactly one accepting path in its computation tree. If there are none or more than…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Martin Kutrib , Andreas Malcher , Matthias Wendlandt

Algorithms for (nondeterministic) finite-state tree automata (FTAs) are often tested on random FTAs, in which all internal transitions are equiprobable. The run-time results obtained in this manner are usually overly optimistic as most such…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-11-25 Thomas Hanneforth , Andreas Maletti , Daniel Quernheim

Monadic decomposibility --- the ability to determine whether a formula in a given logical theory can be decomposed into a boolean combination of monadic formulas --- is a powerful tool for devising a decision procedure for a given logical…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Pablo Barcelo , Chih-Duo Hong , Xuan-Bach Le , Anthony W. Lin , Reino Niskanen

First-order linear temporal logic (FOLTL) is a flexible and expressive formalism capable of naturally describing complex behaviors and properties. Although the logic is in general highly undecidable, the idea of using it as a specification…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Luca Geatti , Alessandro Gianola , Nicola Gigante

This work considers weak deterministic B\"uchi automata reading encodings of non-negative reals in a fixed base. A Real Number Automaton is an automaton which recognizes all encoding of elements of a set of reals. It is explained how to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-14 Arthur Milchior

We present an SMT-based active learning algorithm for nondeterministic weighted automata (WFAs) as a practical and robust alternative to Hankel/L*-style methods. Our algorithm is parametric in a given semiring and, if it terminates,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Tiago Ferreira , Kevin Batz , Alexandra Silva

A finite automaton is called bideterministic if it is both deterministic and codeterministic -- that is, if it is deterministic and its transpose is deterministic as well. The study of such automata in a weighted setting is initiated. All…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Peter Kostolányi

Finite automata (FA) are a fundamental computational abstraction that is widely used in practice for various tasks in computer science, linguistics, biology, electrical engineering, and artificial intelligence. Given an input word, an FA…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jaime Cuartas Granada , Alexey Ignatiev , Peter J. Stuckey