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We prove various extensions of the Tennenbaum phenomenon to the case of computable quotient presentations of models of arithmetic and set theory. Specifically, no nonstandard model of arithmetic has a computable quotient presentation by a…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-02-28 Michał Tomasz Godziszewski , Joel David Hamkins

We discuss some well-known compactness principles for uncountable structures of small regular sizes ($\omega_n$ for $2 \le n<\omega$, $\aleph_{\omega+1}$, $\aleph_{\omega^2+1}$, etc.), consistent from weakly compact (the size-restricted…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Radek Honzik

The notion of minimal complements was introduced by Nathanson in 2011. Since then, the existence or the inexistence of minimal complements of sets have been extensively studied. Recently, the study of inverse problems, i.e., which sets can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Arindam Biswas , Jyoti Prakash Saha

A numeral system is an infinite sequence of different closed normal $\lambda$-terms intended to code the integers in $\lambda$-calculus. H. Barendregt has shown that if we can represent, for a numeral system, the functions : Successor,…

Logic · Mathematics 2009-05-07 Karim Nour

An analog of Nadel's effective bound for the continuous Scott rank of metric structures, developed by Ben Yaacov, Doucha, Nies, and Tsankov, will be established: Let $\mathscr{L}$ be a language of continuous logic with code…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-08-02 William Chan , Ruiyuan Chen

Kohlenbach's proof mining program deals with the extraction of effective information from typically ineffective proofs. Proof mining has its roots in Kreisel's pioneering work on the so-called unwinding of proofs. The proof mining of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Sam Sanders

There are several forms of irreducibility in computing systems, ranging from undecidability to intractability to nonlinearity. This paper is an exploration of the conceptual issues that have arisen in the course of investigating speed-up…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-06-24 Hector Zenil , Fernando Soler-Toscano , Joost J. Joosten

We introduce constructive and classical systems for nonstandard arithmetic and show how variants of the functional interpretations due to Goedel and Shoenfield can be used to rewrite proofs performed in these systems into standard ones.…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-07-20 Benno van den Berg , Eyvind Briseid , Pavol Safarik

This paper provides some counterexamples to Cantor's contributions to the foundations of Set Theory. The first counterexample forces Cantor's Diagonal Method (DM) to yield one of the numbers in the target list. To study this anomaly, and…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2014-04-28 Enrique Coiras

It is well known that the set of algebraic numbers (let us call it $A$) is countable. In this paper, instead of the usage of the classical terminology of cardinals proposed by Cantor, a recently introduced methodology using \G1-based…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-04-05 Yaroslav D. Sergeyev

Classical satisfiability (SAT) and quantum satisfiability (QSAT) are complete problems for the complexity classes NP and QMA which are believed to be intractable for classical and quantum computers, respectively. Statistical ensembles of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-07 Ionut-Dragos Potirniche , C. R. Laumann , S. L. Sondhi

This paper presents a theory of systemic undecidability, reframing incomputability as a structural property of systems rather than a localized feature of specific functions or problems. We define a notion of causal embedding and prove a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Seth Bulin

This paper illustrates the richness of the concept of regular sets of time bounds and demonstrates its application to problems of computational complexity. There is a universe of bounds whose regular subsets allow to represent several time…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-09-24 Armin Hemmerling

The quantization of classical theories that admit more than one Hamiltonian description is considered. This is done from a geometrical viewpoint, both at the quantization level (geometric quantization) and at the level of the dynamics of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-27 Alejandro Corichi , Michael P. Ryan,

Since the theory developed by Georg Cantor, mathematicians have taken a sharp interest in the sizes of infinite sets. We know that the set of integers is infinitely countable and that its cardinality is Aleph0. Cantor proved in 1891 with…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2008-09-25 Laurent Germain

We present a coherent collection of finite mathematical theorems some of which can only be proved by going well beyond the usual axioms for mathematics. The proofs of these theorems illustrate in clear terms how one uses the well studied…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Harvey M. Friedman

The uncountability of $\mathbb{R}$ is one of its most basic properties, known far outside of mathematics. Cantor's 1874 proof of the uncountability of $\mathbb{R}$ even appears in the very first paper on set theory, i.e. a historical…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-26 Sam Sanders

We define a class of computable functions over real numbers using functional schemes similar to the class of primitive and partial recursive functions defined by G\"odel and Kleene. We show that this class of functions can also be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Keng Meng Ng , Nazanin R. Tavana , Yue Yang

We determine the proof-theoretic strength of the principle of countable saturation in the context of the systems for nonstandard arithmetic introduced in our earlier work.

Logic · Mathematics 2016-05-20 B. van den Berg , E. M. Briseid , P. Safarik

The well known binary and decimal representations of the integers, and other similar number systems, admit many generalisations. Here, we investigate whether still every integer could have a finite expansion on a given integer base b, when…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-10-03 Christiaan van de Woestijne