Related papers: Normal Ordering Normal Modes
In quantum field theory, physicists routinely use "normal ordering" of operators, which just amounts to shuffling all creation operators to the left. Potentially confusing, then, is the occurrence in the literature of normal-ordered…
We discuss a general combinatorial framework for operator ordering problems by applying it to the normal ordering of the powers and exponential of the boson number operator. The solution of the problem is given in terms of Bell and Stirling…
In this paper combinatorial aspects of normal ordering arbitrary words in the creation and annihilation operators of the q-deformed boson are discussed. In particular, it is shown how by introducing appropriate q-weights for the associated…
The Wheeler-DeWitt equation of Friedmann models with a massless quantum field is formulated with arbitrary factor ordering of the Hamiltonian constraint operator. A scalar product of wave functions is constructed, giving rise to a…
We present a combinatorial method of constructing solutions to the normal ordering of boson operators. Generalizations of standard combinatorial notions - the Stirling and Bell numbers, Bell polynomials and Dobinski relations - lead to…
We introduce a new prescription for quantising scalar field theories perturbatively around a true minimum of the full quantum effective action, which is to `complete normal order' the bare action of interest. When the true vacuum of the…
The general normal ordering problem for boson strings is a combinatorial problem. In this note we restrict ourselves to single-mode boson monomials. This problem leads to elegant generalisations of well-known combinatorial numbers, such as…
A normal form transformation is carried out on the operators of a complete set of commuting observables in a multidimensional, integrable quantum system, mapping them by unitary conjugation into functions of the harmonic oscillators in the…
In this article we classify normal forms and unfoldings of linear maps in eigenspaces of (anti)-automorphisms of order two. Our main motivation is provided by applications to linear systems of ordinary differential equations, general and…
We give a general expression for the normally ordered form of a function F(w(a,a*)) where w is a function of boson annihilation and creation operators satisfying [a,a*]=1. The expectation value of this expression in a coherent state becomes…
The Laplace Hopf algebra created by Rota and coll. is generalized to provide an algebraic tool for combinatorial problems of quantum field theory. This framework encompasses commutation relations, normal products, time-ordered products and…
In quantum field theory, sharp momentum states have to be normalized to be in Fock space. We investigate different normalization schemes, both box normalization and wave packets. These methods are equivalent in flat spacetimes, but turn out…
We derive explicit formulas for the normal ordering of powers of arbitrary monomials of boson operators. These formulas lead to generalisations of conventional Bell and Stirling numbers and to appropriate generalisations of the Dobinski…
In this article combinatorial aspects of normal ordering annihilation and creation operators of a multi-mode boson system are discussed. The modes are assumed to be coupled since otherwise the problem of normal ordering is reduced to the…
In this paper we define generalizations of boson normal ordering. These are based on the number of contractions whose vertices are next to each other in the linear representation of the boson operator function. Our main motivation is to…
Normally ordered forms of functions of boson operators are important in many contexts in particular concerning Quantum Field Theory and Quantum Optics. Beginning with the seminal work of Katriel [Lett. Nuovo Cimento, 10(13):565--567, 1974],…
The problem of ordering operators has afflicted quantum mechanics since its foundation. Several orderings have been devised, but a systematic procedure to move from one ordering to another is still missing. The importance of establishing…
A simple, often invoked, regularization scheme of quantum mechanical path integrals in curved space is mode regularization: one expands fields into a Fourier series, performs calculations with only the first $M$ modes, and at the end takes…
We derive exact series solutions for the Wheeler-DeWitt equation corresponding to a spatially closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with cosmological constant for arbitrary operator ordering of the scale factor of the universe. The…
The Schwinger boson theory provides a natural path for treating quantum spin systems with large quantum fluctuations. In contrast to semi-classical treatments, this theory allows us to describe a continuous transition between magnetically…