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The discovery of planets in close orbits around binary stars raises questions about their formation. It is believed that these planets formed in the outer regions of the disc and then migrated through planet-disc interaction to their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-17 Daniel Thun , Wilhelm Kley

We present a model in which planetesimal disks are built from the combination of planetesimal formation and accretion of radially drifting pebbles onto existing planetesimals. In this model, the rate of accretion of pebbles onto…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-19 John Moriarty , Debra Fischer

With the increasing number of exoplanets discovered, statistical properties of the population as a whole become unique constraints on planet formation models provided a link between the description of the detailed processes playing a role…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 W. Benz , S. Ida , Y. Alibert , D. N. C. Lin , C. Mordasini

We have investigated the problem of the distribution of both masses and orbital radii of planets resulting from the gas-accretion, gas-capture model. First we followed the evolution of gas and solids from the moment where all solids are in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Kacper Kornet , Sebastian Wolf

This paper constructs an analytic description for the late stages of giant planet formation. During this phase of evolution, the planet gains the majority of its final mass through gas accretion at a rapid rate. This work determines the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-17 Fred C Adams , Konstantin Batygin

The discovery of thousands of exoplanets over the last couple of decades has shown that the birth of planets is a very efficient process in nature. Theories invoke a multitude of mechanisms to describe the assembly of planets in the disks…

We investigate the evolution of protoplanets with different masses embedded in an accretion disk, via global fully three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations. We consider a range of planetary masses extending from one and a half Earth's…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-20 Gennaro D'Angelo , Willy Kley , Thomas Henning

The final "giant-impact" phase of terrestrial planet formation is believed to begin with a large number of planetary "embryos" on nearly circular, coplanar orbits. Mutual gravitational interactions gradually excite their eccentricities…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-15 Scott Tremaine

Observations of the population of cold Jupiter planets ($r>$1 AU) show that nearly all of these planets orbit their host star on eccentric orbits. For planets up to a few Jupiter masses, eccentric orbits are thought to be the outcome of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-04 Bertram Bitsch , Trifon Trifonov , Andre Izidoro

(Abridged) We present the results of N-body simulations of planetary systems formation in radiatively-inefficient disc models, where positive corotation torques may counter the rapid inward migration of low mass planets driven by Lindblad…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Phil Hellary , Richard P. Nelson

The Kepler high-precision planetary sample has revealed a radius valley, separating compact super-Earths from sub-Neptunes with lower density. Super-Earths are generally assumed to be rocky planets that were probably born in-situ, while the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-14 Di-Chang Chen , Christoph Mordasini , Ji-Wei Xie , Ji-Lin Zhou , Alexandre Emsenhuber

Observations in the past decade have revealed extrasolar planets with a wide range of orbital semimajor axes and eccentricities. Based on the present understanding of planet formation via core accretion and oligarchic growth, we expect that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 Sourav Chatterjee , Eric B. Ford , Soko Matsumura , Frederic A. Rasio

The formation of gas giant planets is assumed to be preceded by the emergence of solid cores in the conventional sequential-accretion paradigm. This hypothesis implies that the presence of earth-like planets can be inferred from the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. L. Zhou , S. J. Aarseth , D. N. C. Lin , M. Nagasawa

The solar system's terrestrial planets are thought to have accreted over millions of years out of a sea of smaller embryos and planetesimals. Because it is impossible to know the surface density profile for solids and size frequency…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-11 Matthew S. Clement , Nathan A. Kaib , John E. Chambers

The formation and evolution of protoplanetary discs remains a challenge from both a theoretical and numerical standpoint. In this work we first perform a series of tests of our new hybrid algorithm presented in Glaschke, Amaro-Seoane and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Pau Amaro-Seoane , Patrick Glaschke , Rainer Spurzem

We investigate the chemical composition of the solar system's giant planets atmospheres using a physical formation model with chemistry. The model incorporate disk evolution, pebbles and gas accretion, type I and II migration, simplified…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 Mohamad Ali-Dib

In this paper, we investigate how external photo-evaporation influences the formation, dynamical evolution and the resultant planetary architecture of multi-planet systems born in stellar clusters. We use a model of N-body simulations of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-08 Lin Qiao , Gavin A. L. Coleman , Thomas J. Haworth

The moons of giant planets are believed to form in situ in Circumplanetary Discs (CPDs). Here we present an N-body population synthesis framework for satellite formation around a Jupiter-like planet, in which the dust-to-gas ratio, the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-29 Marco Cilibrasi , Judit Szulágyi , Simon L. Grimm , Lucio Mayer

Roughly half of Sun-like stars have at least one stellar companion, whereas it is widely assumed that most known exoplanets orbit single stars, largely due to observational biases. However, astrometric surveys, direct imaging, and speckle…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-01 Arianna Nigioni , Julia Venturini , Emeline Bolmont , Diego Turrini , Yann Alibert , Alexandre Emsenhuber

A major outstanding question regarding the formation of planetary systems is whether wide-orbit giant planets form differently than close-in giant planets. We aim to establish constraints on two key parameters that are relevant for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-29 Kevin Wagner , Dániel Apai , Kaitlin M. Kratter