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We determine the border subrank of higher order structure tensors of several families of algebras, and in particular obtain the following results. (1) We determine tight bounds on the border subrank of $k$-fold matrix multiplication and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Chia-Yu Chang , Fulvio Gesmundo , Jeroen Zuiddam

It has recently been shown that the tensor rank can be strictly submultiplicative under the tensor product, where the tensor product of two tensors is a tensor whose order is the sum of the orders of the two factors. The necessary upper…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-05-02 Matthias Christandl , Fulvio Gesmundo , Asger Kjærulff Jensen

We establish basic information about border rank algorithms for the matrix multiplication tensor and other tensors with symmetry. We prove that border rank algorithms for tensors with symmetry (such as matrix multiplication and the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-02-01 J. M. Landsberg , Mateusz Michałek

We address the problem of the additivity of the tensor rank. That is for two independent tensors we study if the rank of their direct sum is equal to the sum of their individual ranks. A positive answer to this problem was previously known…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-08-06 Jarosław Buczyński , Elisa Postinghel , Filip Rupniewski

In a paper published in 1981, Sch\"onhage showed that large total matrix multiplications can be reduced to powers of partial matrix multiplication tensors, which correspond to the bilinear computation task of multiplying matrices with some…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Péter Vrana

We study the relationship between the commutative and the non-commutative rank of a linear matrix. We give examples that show that the ratio of the two ranks comes arbitrarily close to 2. Such examples can be used for giving lower bounds…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-06-22 Harm Derksen , Visu Makam

An important building block in all current asymptotically fast algorithms for matrix multiplication are tensors with low border rank, that is, tensors whose border rank is equal or very close to their size. To find new asymptotically fast…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-08-25 Markus Bläser , Vladimir Lysikov

We show that the border support rank of the tensor corresponding to two-by-two matrix multiplication is seven over the complex numbers. We do this by constructing two polynomials that vanish on all complex tensors with format…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Markus Bläser , Matthias Christandl , Jeroen Zuiddam

We develop a notion of {\em inner rank} as a tool for obtaining lower bounds on the rank of matrix multiplication tensors. We use it to give a short proof that the border rank (and therefore rank) of the tensor associated with $n\times n$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Joel Friedman

These lecture notes are intended as an introduction to several notions of tensor rank and their connections to the asymptotic complexity of matrix multiplication. The latter is studied with the exponent of matrix multiplication, which will…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-08-01 Giorgio Ottaviani , Philipp Reichenbach

We introduce an elementary method to study the border rank of polynomials and tensors, analogous to the apolarity lemma. This can be used to describe the border rank of all cases uniformly, including those very special ones that resisted a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-11-10 Weronika Buczyńska , Jarosław Buczyński

The border rank of the matrix multiplication operator for n by n matrices is a standard measure of its complexity. Using techniques from algebraic geometry and representation theory, we show the border rank is at least 2n^2-n. Our bounds…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-06-04 J. M. Landsberg , Giorgio Ottaviani

We study the tensor rank of the tensor corresponding to the algebra of n-variate complex polynomials modulo the dth power of each variable. As a result we find a sequence of tensors with a large gap between rank and border rank, and thus a…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2017-03-24 Jeroen Zuiddam

The results of Strassen and Raz show that good enough tensor rank lower bounds have implications for algebraic circuit/formula lower bounds. We explore tensor rank lower and upper bounds, focusing on explicit tensors. For odd d, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-03-05 Boris Alexeev , Michael Forbes , Jacob Tsimerman

There are many notions of rank in multilinear algebra: tensor rank, partition rank, slice rank, and strength (or Schmidt rank) are a few examples. Typically the rank $\le r$ locus is not Zariski closed, and understanding the closure (the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Arthur Bik , Jan Draisma , Rob Eggermont , Andrew Snowden

In this paper, we give a survey of the known results concerning the tensor rank of the multiplication in finite extensions of finite fields, enriched with some not published recent results as well as analyzes enhancing the qualitative…

For tensors of fixed order, we establish three types of upper bounds for the geometric rank in terms of the subrank. Firstly, we prove that, under a mild condition on the characteristic of the base field, the geometric rank of a tensor is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Qiyuan Chen , Ke Ye

Motivated by questions arising in signal processing, computational complexity, and other areas, we study the ranks and border ranks of symmetric tensors using geometric methods. We provide improved lower bounds for the rank of a symmetric…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2009-09-28 J. M. Landsberg , Zach Teitler

We prove border rank bounds for a class of $GL(V)$-invariant tensors in $V^*\otimes U\otimes W$, where $U$ and $W$ are $GL(V)$-modules. These tensors correspond to spaces of matrices of constant rank. In particular we prove lower bounds for…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-05-10 Derek Wu

We present an upper bound on the exponent of the asymptotic behaviour of the tensor rank of a family of tensors defined by the complete graph on $k$ vertices. For $k\geq4$, we show that the exponent per edge is at most 0.77, outperforming…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-11 Matthias Christandl , Péter Vrana , Jeroen Zuiddam
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