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Related papers: Cautious Monotonicity in Case-Based Reasoning with…

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Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) are a prominent framework for interpretable AI that map learned visual features to a set of meaningful concepts for task-specific downstream predictions. Their sequential structure enhances transparency by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Mohamed Harmanani , Bining Long , Zhuoxin Guo , Paul F. R. Wilson , Amirhossein Sabour , Minh Nguyen Nhat To , Gabor Fichtinger , Purang Abolmaesumi , Parvin Mousavi

The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) is a well-known example of monotonic reasoning, of intense practical interest due to fast solvers, complemented by rigorous fine-grained complexity results. However, for non-monotonic reasoning,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Victor Lagerkvist , Mohamed Maizia , Johannes Schmidt

Contextuality was originally defined only for consistently connected systems of random variables (those without disturbance/signaling). Contextuality-by-Default theory (CbD) offers an extension of the notion of contextuality to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Ehtibar Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala

Constraint-based causal discovery is brittle in finite-sample regimes because erroneous conditional-independence (CI) decisions can cascade into substantial structural errors. We propose Quantitative Argumentation for Causal Discovery…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Sheng Wei , Yulin Chen , Beishui Liao

Abstract solvers are a method to formally analyze algorithms that have been profitably used for describing, comparing and composing solving techniques in various fields such as Propositional Satisfiability (SAT), Quantified SAT,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Giovanni Amendola , Carmine Dodaro , Marco Maratea

Many systems that exhibit nonmonotonic behavior have been described and studied already in the literature. The general notion of nonmonotonic reasoning, though, has almost always been described only negatively, by the property it does not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Sarit Kraus , Daniel Lehmann , Menachem Magidor

Monotonicity in concurrent systems stipulates that, in any global state, extant system actions remain executable when new processes are added to the state. This concept is not only natural and common in multi-threaded software, but also…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-06-26 Alexander Kaiser , Daniel Kroening , Thomas Wahl

In many contexts, it can be useful for domain experts to understand to what extent predictions made by a machine learning model can be trusted. In particular, estimates of trustworthiness can be useful for fraud analysts who process machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Hilde J. P. Weerts , Werner van Ipenburg , Mykola Pechenizkiy

In the context of individual-level causal inference, we study the problem of predicting whether someone will respond or not to a treatment based on their features and past examples of features, treatment indicator (e.g., drug/no drug), and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-04 Nathan Kallus

The underlying hypothesis of knowledge-based explainable artificial intelligence is the data required for data-centric artificial intelligence agents (e.g., neural networks) are less diverse in contents than the data required to explain the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Rosina Weber , Manil Shrestha , Adam J Johs

Great endeavors have been made to study AI's ability in abstract reasoning, along with which different versions of RAVEN's progressive matrices (RPM) are proposed as benchmarks. Previous works give inkling that without sophisticated design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Qinglai Wei , Diancheng Chen , Beiming Yuan

When language models use test-time sampling, they generate multiple reasoning trajectories and select an answer by majority vote. We show that these trajectories are not independent: for a given question, they concentrate into a small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Meng Cai , Lars Kulik , Farhana Choudhury

This paper surveys an approach to the XAI problem, using post-hoc explanation by example, that hinges on twinning Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) with Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) systems, so-called ANN-CBR twins. A systematic survey of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Mark T Keane , Eoin M Kenny

This work builds upon a well-established research tradition on modal logics of awareness. One of its aims is to export tools and techniques to other areas within modal logic. To this end, we illustrate a number of significant bridges with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Carlo Proietti , Fernando R. Velázquez-Quesada , Antonio Yuste-Ginel

Monotonic abstraction is a technique introduced in model checking parameterized distributed systems in order to cope with transitions containing global conditions within guards. The technique has been re-interpreted in a declarative setting…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-11-17 Francesco Alberti , Silvio Ghilardi , Natasha Sharygina

While visual reasoning for simple analogies has received significant attention, compositional visual relations (CVR) remain relatively unexplored due to their greater complexity. To solve CVR tasks, we propose Predictive Reasoning with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chengtai Li , Yuting He , Jianfeng Ren , Ruibin Bai , Yitian Zhao , Heng Yu , Xudong Jiang

We start by defining an approach to non-monotonic probabilistic reasoning in terms of non-monotonic categorical (true-false) reasoning. We identify a type of non-monotonic probabilistic reasoning, akin to default inheritance, that is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-12 Benjamin N. Grosof

Natural language contexts display logical regularities with respect to substitutions of related concepts: these are captured in a functional order-theoretic property called monotonicity. For a certain class of NLI problems where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Julia Rozanova , Deborah Ferreira , Mokanarangan Thayaparan , Marco Valentino , André Freitas

The semantic web is an open and distributed environment in which it is hard to guarantee consistency of knowledge and information. Under the standard two-valued semantics everything is entailed if knowledge and information is inconsistent.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-05-01 Wenzhao Qiao , Nico Roos

Stereotypical reasoning assumes that the situation at hand is one of a kind and that it enjoys the properties generally associated with that kind of situation. It is one of the most basic forms of nonmonotonic reasoning. A formal model for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Daniel Lehmann