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The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a fundamental problem in combinatorial optimization. Several semidefinite programming relaxations have been proposed recently that exploit a variety of mathematical structures including, e.g.,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Samuel C. Gutekunst , David P. Williamson

The Traveling Salesperson problem asks for the shortest cyclic tour visiting a set of cities given their pairwise distances and belongs to the NP-hard complexity class, which means that with all known algorithms in the worst case instances…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-10-18 Hendrik Schawe , Alexander K. Hartmann

In this note, we show that the Traveling Salesman Problem cannot be solved in polynomial-time on a classical computer.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-02-02 Craig Alan Feinstein

The Traveling Salesman Problem is one of the best studied NP-hard problems in combinatorial optimization. Powerful methods have been developed over the last 60 years to find optimum solutions to large TSP instances. The largest TSP instance…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-03-03 Stefan Hougardy , Rasmus T. Schroeder

In this paper, we present a new linear programming (LP) formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The proposed model has O(n^8) variables and O(n^7) constraints, where n is the number of cities. Our numerical experimentation…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-10-21 Moustapha Diaby

Recent systems applying Machine Learning (ML) to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) exhibit issues when they try to scale up to real case scenarios with several hundred vertices. The use of Candidate Lists (CLs) has been brought up…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Umberto Junior Mele , Luca Maria Gambardella , Roberto Montemanni

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a well-known NP-Hard combinatorial optimisation problem, with industrial use cases such as last-mile delivery. Although TSP has been studied extensively on quantum computers, it is rare to find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Daniel Goldsmith , Xing Liang , Dimitrios Makris , Hongwei Wu

The Directed Traveling Salesman Problem (DTSP) is a variant of the classical Traveling Salesman Problem in which the edges in the graph are directed and a vertex and edge can be visited multiple times. The goal is to find a directed closed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Václav Blažej , Andreas Emil Feldmann , Foivos Fioravantes , Paweł Rzążewski , Ondřej Suchý

This work presents solutions to the Traveling Salesperson Problem with precedence constraints (TSPPC) using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) by adapting recent approaches that work well for regular TSPs. Common to these approaches is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Christian Löwens , Inaam Ashraf , Alexander Gembus , Genesis Cuizon , Jonas K. Falkner , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

We study the energy landscape of the Traveling Salesperson problem (TSP) using exact ground states and a novel linear programming approach to generate excited states with closely defined properties. We look at four different ensembles,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-10-02 Hendrik Schawe , Jitesh Kumar Jha , Alexander K. Hartmann

We introduce the $L_p$ Traveling Salesman Problem ($L_p$-TSP), given by an origin, a set of destinations, and underlying distances. The objective is to schedule a destination visit sequence for a traveler of unit speed to minimize the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Majid Farhadi , Alejandro Toriello , Prasad Tetali

The current paper introduces a new parallel computing technique based on ant colony optimization for a dynamic routing problem. In the dynamic traveling salesman problem the distances between cities as travel times are no longer fixed. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Camelia-M. Pintea , Gloria Cerasela Crisan , Mihai Manea

In this paper, we consider differential approximability of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). We show that TSP is $3/4$-differential approximable, which improves the currently best known bound $3/4 -O(1/n)$ due to Escoffier and Monnot in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Yuki Amano , Kazuhisa Makino

In this work we focus on the well-known Euclidean Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) and two highly competitive inexact heuristic TSP solvers, EAX and LKH, in the context of per-instance algorithm selection (AS). We evolve instances with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Moritz Seiler , Janina Pohl , Jakob Bossek , Pascal Kerschke , Heike Trautmann

In this research, we discuss the intermittent traveling salesman problem (ITSP), which extends the traditional traveling salesman problem (TSP) by imposing temperature restrictions on each node. These additional constraints limit the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-01-31 Pieter Leyman , San Tu Pham , Patrick De Causmaecker

Traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a well-known in computing field. There are many researches to improve the genetic algorithm for solving TSP. In this paper, we propose two new crossover operators and new mechanism of combination…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Pham Dinh Thanh , Huynh Thi Thanh Binh , Bui Thu Lam

This study addresses the Min-Max Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem ($m^3$-TSP), which aims to coordinate tours for multiple salesmen such that the length of the longest tour is minimized. Due to its NP-hard nature, exact solvers become…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Wen Wang , Xiangchen Wu , Liang Wang , Hao Hu , Xianping Tao , Linghao Zhang

We study GCS-TSP, a new variant of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) defined over a Graph of Convex Sets (GCS) -- a powerful representation for trajectory planning that decomposes the configuration space into convex regions connected by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jingtao Tang , Hang Ma

Reinforcement learning has recently shown promise in learning quality solutions in many combinatorial optimization problems. In particular, the attention-based encoder-decoder models show high effectiveness on various routing problems,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Aigerim Bogyrbayeva , Taehyun Yoon , Hanbum Ko , Sungbin Lim , Hyokun Yun , Changhyun Kwon

This paper proposes KC-TSS: K-Clustered-Traveling Salesman Based Search, a failure resilient path planning algorithm for heterogeneous robot teams performing target search in human environments. We separate the sample path generation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Minkyu Kim , Ryan Gupta , Luis Sentis