Related papers: Adding experimental treatment arms to Multi-Arm Mu…
Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (SMARTs) are considered the gold standard for estimation and evaluation of treatment regimes. SMARTs are typically sized to ensure sufficient power for a simple comparison, e.g., the…
The US Food and Drug Administration launched Project Optimus with the aim of shifting the paradigm of dose-finding and selection towards identifying the optimal biological dose that offers the best balance between benefit and risk, rather…
During the conceptual and prototype design stage of an industrial product, it is crucial to take assembly/disassembly and maintenance operations in advance. A well-designed system should enable relatively easy access of operating…
During online decision making in Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB), one needs to conduct inference on the true mean reward of each arm based on data collected so far at each step. However, since the arms are adaptively selected--thereby yielding…
Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) enable complex problem-solving but introduce significant debugging challenges, characterized by long interaction traces, inter-agent dependencies, and delayed error manifestation.…
When an experimenter has the option of running an adaptive trial, is it admissible to ignore this option and run a non-adaptive trial instead? We provide a negative answer to this question in the best-arm identification problem, where the…
Conditional (European Medicines Agency) or accelerated (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) approval of drugs allow earlier access to promising new treatments that address unmet medical needs. Certain post-marketing requirements must…
This paper deals with a new design methodology for stratified comparative experiments based on interacting reinforced urn systems. The key idea is to model the interaction between urns for borrowing information across strata and to use it…
Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are sequences of decision rules to guide treatment assignments in response to a patient's evolving, time-varying disease status. Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMARTs) are considered the…
We present a unified three-state model (TSM) framework for evaluating treatment effects in clinical trials in the presence of treatment crossover. Researchers have proposed diverse methodologies to estimate the treatment effect that would…
Over time, clinical trials have increasingly incorporated complex design and analysis elements such as interim analyses, adaptations, multiple endpoints, and sophisticated multiplicity schemes for multiple endpoints and/or treatment arms…
Background: Phase I trials desire to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) early and proceed quickly to an expansion cohort or phase II trial for efficacy. We propose an early completion method based on multiple dosages to accelerate…
Background: trials to identify the minimal effective treatment duration are needed in different therapeutic areas, including bacterial infections, TB and Hepatitis--C. However, standard non-inferiority designs have several limitations,…
Accurate human motion prediction is crucial for safe human-robot collaboration but remains challenging due to the complexity of modeling intricate and variable human movements. This paper presents Parallel Multi-scale Incremental Prediction…
Heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) estimation is critical in medical research. It provides insights into how treatment effects vary among individuals, which can provide statistical evidence for precision medicine. While most existing…
Bayesian adaptive designs enable flexible clinical trials by adapting features based on accumulating data. Among these, Bayesian Response-Adaptive Randomization (BRAR) skews patient allocation towards more promising treatments based on…
A dynamic treatment regimen (DTR) is a pre-specified sequence of decision rules which maps baseline or time-varying measurements on an individual to a recommended intervention or set of interventions. Sequential multiple assignment…
Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are sequences of decision rules that recommend treatments based on patients' time-varying clinical conditions. The sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) is an experimental design that can…
Purpose: Two-stage single-arm trial designs are commonly used in phase II oncology to infer treatment effects for a binary primary outcome (e.g., tumour response). It is imperative that such studies be designed, analysed, and reported…
Basket trials test a single therapeutic treatment on several patient populations under one master protocol. A desirable adaptive design feature in these studies may be the incorporation of new baskets to an ongoing study. Limited basket…