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Deep neural networks continue to advance the state-of-the-art of image recognition tasks with various methods. However, applications of these methods to multimodality remain limited. We present Multimodal Residual Networks (MRN) for the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-01 Jin-Hwa Kim , Sang-Woo Lee , Dong-Hyun Kwak , Min-Oh Heo , Jeonghee Kim , Jung-Woo Ha , Byoung-Tak Zhang

Analogical reasoning is a fundamental capacity of human cognition that allows us to reason abstractly about novel situations by relating them to past experiences. While it is thought to be essential for robust reasoning in AI systems,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Xiaoyang Hu , Shane Storks , Richard L. Lewis , Joyce Chai

This survey paper chronicles the evolution of evaluation in multimodal artificial intelligence (AI), framing it as a progression of increasingly sophisticated "cognitive examinations." We argue that the field is undergoing a paradigm shift,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Mayank Ravishankara , Varindra V. Persad Maharaj

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have recently achieved remarkable success in complex reasoning tasks. However, closer scrutiny reveals persistent failure modes compromising performance and cost: I) Intra-step level, marked by calculation or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Haonan Dong , Kehan Jiang , Haoran Ye , Wenhao Zhu , Zhaolu Kang , Guojie Song

Existing methods for visual reasoning attempt to directly map inputs to outputs using black-box architectures without explicitly modeling the underlying reasoning processes. As a result, these black-box models often learn to exploit biases…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Justin Johnson , Bharath Hariharan , Laurens van der Maaten , Judy Hoffman , Li Fei-Fei , C. Lawrence Zitnick , Ross Girshick

Mammalian brains handle complex reasoning by integrating information across brain regions specialized for particular sensory modalities. This enables improved robustness and generalization versus deep neural networks, which typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Shruti Joshi , Aiswarya Akumalla , Seth Haney , Maxim Bazhenov

Open-source multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel in various tasks involving textual and visual inputs but still struggle with complex multimodal mathematical reasoning, lagging behind proprietary models like GPT-4V(ision) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Mengzhao Jia , Zhihan Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Fangkai Jiao , Meng Jiang

Collaborative reasoning for understanding image-question pairs is a very critical but underexplored topic in interpretable visual question answering systems. Although very recent studies have attempted to use explicit compositional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Qingxing Cao , Bailin Li , Xiaodan Liang , Liang Lin

In this paper, we reveal that artificial neural network (ANN) assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal detection can be modeled as ANN-assisted lossy vector quantization (VQ), named MIMO-VQ, which is basically a joint…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-02 Songyan Xue , Yi Ma , Na Yi , Terence E. Dodgson

Language models have recently advanced into the realm of reasoning, yet it is through multimodal reasoning that we can fully unlock the potential to achieve more comprehensive, human-like cognitive capabilities. This survey provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhiyu Lin , Yifei Gao , Xian Zhao , Yunfan Yang , Jitao Sang

Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) aims to enable agents to navigate to a target location based on language instructions. Traditional VLN often follows a close-set assumption, i.e., training and test data share the same style of the input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yang Li , Aming Wu , Zihao Zhang , Yahong Han

This work deals with the challenge of learning and reasoning over language and vision data for the related downstream tasks such as visual question answering (VQA) and natural language for visual reasoning (NLVR). We design a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Chen Zheng , Quan Guo , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Understanding and reasoning with abstractive information from the visual modality presents significant challenges for current multi-modal large language models (MLLMs). Among the various forms of abstractive information, Multi-Modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yichi Zhang , Zhuo Chen , Lingbing Guo , Wen Zhang , Huajun Chen

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) aim to integrate multimodal understanding and generation within a unified architecture, yet it remains unclear to what extent their representations are truly aligned across modalities. To investigate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Cheng Yang , Chufan Shi , Bo Shui , Yaokang Wu , Muzi Tao , Huijuan Wang , Ivan Yee Lee , Yong Liu , Xuezhe Ma , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are making significant progress in multimodal reasoning. Early approaches focus on pure text-based reasoning. More recent studies have incorporated multimodal information into the reasoning steps;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dongjie Cheng , Yongqi Li , Zhixin Ma , Hongru Cai , Yupeng Hu , Wenjie Wang , Liqiang Nie , Wenjie Li

Whether neural networks can learn abstract reasoning or whether they merely rely on superficial statistics is a topic of recent debate. Here, we propose a dataset and challenge designed to probe abstract reasoning, inspired by a well-known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-12 David G. T. Barrett , Felix Hill , Adam Santoro , Ari S. Morcos , Timothy Lillicrap

Building on recent advances in language-based reasoning models, we explore multimodal reasoning that integrates vision and text. Existing multimodal benchmarks primarily test visual extraction combined with text-based reasoning, lacking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Mert Unsal , Aylin Akkus

Despite the success of neural models in solving reasoning tasks, their compositional generalization capabilities remain unclear. In this work, we propose a new setting of the structured explanation generation task to facilitate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Xiyan Fu , Anette Frank

Reasoning is a hallmark of human intelligence, enabling adaptive decision-making in complex and unfamiliar scenarios. In contrast, machine intelligence remains bound to training data, lacking the ability to dynamically refine solutions at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Shaheer U. Saeed , Yipei Wang , Veeru Kasivisvanathan , Brian R. Davidson , Matthew J. Clarkson , Yipeng Hu , Daniel C. Alexander

While deep learning has been successfully applied to many real-world computer vision tasks, training robust classifiers usually requires a large amount of well-labeled data. However, the annotation is often expensive and time-consuming.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Zhiyu Xue , Lixin Duan , Wen Li , Lin Chen , Jiebo Luo