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Related papers: A Study of Gradient Variance in Deep Learning

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Machine learning, especially deep neural networks, has been rapidly developed in fields including computer vision, speech recognition and reinforcement learning. Although Mini-batch SGD is one of the most popular stochastic optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Xinyu Peng , Li Li , Fei-Yue Wang

Modern deep neural network training is typically based on mini-batch stochastic gradient optimization. While the use of large mini-batches increases the available computational parallelism, small batch training has been shown to provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Dominic Masters , Carlo Luschi

It has been experimentally observed that distributed implementations of mini-batch stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithms exhibit speedup saturation and decaying generalization ability beyond a particular batch-size. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Dong Yin , Ashwin Pananjady , Max Lam , Dimitris Papailiopoulos , Kannan Ramchandran , Peter Bartlett

The mini-batch stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm is widely used in training machine learning models, in particular deep learning models. We study SGD dynamics under linear regression and two-layer linear networks, with an easy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-29 Xin Qian , Diego Klabjan

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method and its variants are algorithms of choice for many Deep Learning tasks. These methods operate in a small-batch regime wherein a fraction of the training data, say $32$-$512$ data points, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-13 Nitish Shirish Keskar , Dheevatsa Mudigere , Jorge Nocedal , Mikhail Smelyanskiy , Ping Tak Peter Tang

Humans are able to accelerate their learning by selecting training materials that are the most informative and at the appropriate level of difficulty. We propose a framework for distributing deep learning in which one set of workers search…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-04-19 Guillaume Alain , Alex Lamb , Chinnadhurai Sankar , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

The choice of batch-size in a stochastic optimization algorithm plays a substantial role for both optimization and generalization. Increasing the batch-size used typically improves optimization but degrades generalization. To address the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Yeming Wen , Kevin Luk , Maxime Gazeau , Guodong Zhang , Harris Chan , Jimmy Ba

The gradient noise of SGD is considered to play a central role in the observed strong generalization abilities of deep learning. While past studies confirm that the magnitude and the covariance structure of gradient noise are critical for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Jingfeng Wu , Wenqing Hu , Haoyi Xiong , Jun Huan , Vladimir Braverman , Zhanxing Zhu

It has long been argued that minibatch stochastic gradient descent can generalize better than large batch gradient descent in deep neural networks. However recent papers have questioned this claim, arguing that this effect is simply a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Samuel L. Smith , Erich Elsen , Soham De

We propose a metric for evaluating the generalization ability of deep neural networks trained with mini-batch gradient descent. Our metric, called gradient disparity, is the $\ell_2$ norm distance between the gradient vectors of two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Mahsa Forouzesh , Patrick Thiran

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a popular optimization method which has been applied to many important machine learning tasks such as Support Vector Machines and Deep Neural Networks. In order to parallelize SGD, minibatch training is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-14 Peilin Zhao , Tong Zhang

We introduce a theoretical and practical framework for efficient importance sampling of mini-batch samples for gradient estimation from single and multiple probability distributions. To handle noisy gradients, our framework dynamically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Corentin Salaün , Xingchang Huang , Iliyan Georgiev , Niloy J. Mitra , Gurprit Singh

We consider two questions at the heart of machine learning; how can we predict if a minimum will generalize to the test set, and why does stochastic gradient descent find minima that generalize well? Our work responds to Zhang et al.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-16 Samuel L. Smith , Quoc V. Le

We introduce Gradient Agreement Filtering (GAF) to improve on gradient averaging in distributed deep learning optimization. Traditional distributed data-parallel stochastic gradient descent involves averaging gradients of microbatches to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Francois Chaubard , Duncan Eddy , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Stochastic gradient descent samples uniformly the training set to build an unbiased gradient estimate with a limited number of samples. However, at a given step of the training process, some data are more helpful than others to continue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Thibault Lahire

Instruction tuning is one of the key steps required for adapting large language models (LLMs) to a broad spectrum of downstream applications. However, this procedure is difficult because real-world datasets are rarely homogeneous; they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shrihari Sridharan , Deepak Ravikumar , Anand Raghunathan , Kaushik Roy

Background: Deep learning models are typically trained using stochastic gradient descent or one of its variants. These methods update the weights using their gradient, estimated from a small fraction of the training data. It has been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-03 Elad Hoffer , Itay Hubara , Daniel Soudry

A major obstacle to achieving global convergence in distributed and federated learning is the misalignment of gradients across clients, or mini-batches due to heterogeneity and stochasticity of the distributed data. In this work, we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Yatin Dandi , Luis Barba , Martin Jaggi

Training deep neural networks requires gradient estimation from data batches to update parameters. Gradients per parameter are averaged over a set of data and this has been presumed to be safe for privacy-preserving training in joint,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Hongxu Yin , Arun Mallya , Arash Vahdat , Jose M. Alvarez , Jan Kautz , Pavlo Molchanov

Due to the substantial computational cost, training state-of-the-art deep neural networks for large-scale datasets often requires distributed training using multiple computation workers. However, by nature, workers need to frequently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Yusuke Tsuzuku , Hiroto Imachi , Takuya Akiba
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