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This book introduces to the theory of probabilities from the beginning. Assuming that the reader possesses the normal mathematical level acquired at the end of the secondary school, we aim to equip him with a solid basis in probability…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2021-09-08 Gane Samb Lo , Aladji Babacar Niang , Lois Chinewendu Okereke

Simulation methods are among the most ubiquitous methodological tools in statistical science. In particular, statisticians often is simulation to explore properties of statistical functionals in models for which developed statistical theory…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-22 Tyrel Stokes , Ian Shrier , Russell Steele

The concept of causality has a controversial history. The question of whether it is possible to represent and address causal problems with probability theory, or if fundamentally new mathematics such as the do-calculus is required has been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-22 Finnian Lattimore , David Rohde

Drawing on the Data and Predictions strand of the Indicazioni Nazionali per il curricolo 2012, this study proposes a problem based instructional approach to the teaching of probability. More specifically, the study adopts a design based…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Luigia Caputo , Aniello Buonocore

Contribution: In this study, an alternative educational approach for introducing quantum computing to a wider audience is highlighted. The proposed methodology considers quantum computing as a generalized probability theory rather than a…

Physics Education · Physics 2021-05-31 Özlem Salehi , Zeki Seskir , İlknur Tepe

These lecture notes are intended to cover some introductory topics in stochastic simulation for scientific computing courses offered by the IT department at Uppsala University, as taught by the author. Basic concepts in probability theory…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Davoud Mirzaei

These notes aim at presenting an overview of Bayesian statistics, the underlying concepts and application methodology that will be useful to astronomers seeking to analyse and interpret a wide variety of data about the Universe. The level…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-09 Roberto Trotta

When dealing with datasets containing a billion instances or with simulations that require a supercomputer to execute, computational resources become part of the equation. We can improve the efficiency of learning and inference by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-03-06 Max Welling

There is widespread emphasis on reform in the teaching of introductory statistics at the college level. Underpinning this reform is a consensus among educators and practitioners that traditional curricular materials and pedagogical…

Applications · Statistics 2010-07-20 Rossi A. Hassad

Notes for a Course on Probability and Statistics: L1: Elements of Probability; L2: Bayesian Inference; L3: Monte Carlo Methods

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-01-11 Carlos Mana

A substantial school in the philosophy of science identifies Bayesian inference with inductive inference and even rationality as such, and seems to be strengthened by the rise and practical success of Bayesian statistics. We argue that the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-02-21 Andrew Gelman , Cosma Rohilla Shalizi

This article is the rejoinder for the paper "Probabilistic Integration: A Role in Statistical Computation?" to appear in Statistical Science with discussion. We would first like to thank the reviewers and many of our colleagues who helped…

This paper presents a brief, semi-technical comparison of the essential features of the frequentist and Bayesian approaches to statistical inference, with several illustrative examples implemented in Python. The differences between…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Jake VanderPlas

Interest in problems of statistical inference connected to measurements of quantum systems has recently increased substantially, in step with dramatic new developments in experimental techniques for studying small quantum systems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 O. E. Barndorff-Nielsen , R. D. Gill , P. E. Jupp

Bootstrapping and other resampling methods are increasingly appearing in the textbooks and curricula of courses that introduce undergraduate students to statistical methods. In order to teach the bootstrap well, students and instructors…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2024-05-30 Njesa Totty , James Molyneux , Claudio Fuentes

It is argued from several points of view that quantum probabilities might play a role in statistical settings. New approaches toward quantum foundations have postulates that appear to be equally valid in macroscopic settings. One such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Inge S. Helland

Modern statistical software and machine learning libraries are enabling semi-automated statistical inference. Within this context, it appears easier and easier to try and fit many models to the data at hand, reversing thereby the Fisherian…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-28 Pierre-Alexandre Mattei

There are two main opposing schools of statistical reasoning, Frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Until recent days, the frequentist or classical approach has dominated the scientific research, but Bayesianism has reappeared with a strong…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Jordi Vallverdú

In this pedagogical text aimed at those wanting to start thinking about or brush up on probabilistic inference, I review the rules by which probability distribution functions can (and cannot) be combined. I connect these rules to the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-05-22 David W. Hogg

These lecture notes aim at a post-Bachelor audience with a background at an introductory level in Applied Mathematics and Applied Statistics. They discuss the logic and methodology of the Bayes-Laplace approach to inductive statistical…

Applications · Statistics 2022-08-31 Henk van Elst