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We study the expressivity of deep neural networks. Measuring a network's complexity by its number of connections or by its number of neurons, we consider the class of functions for which the error of best approximation with networks of a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-20 Rémi Gribonval , Gitta Kutyniok , Morten Nielsen , Felix Voigtlaender

Universal approximation theorems are the foundations of classical neural networks, providing theoretical guarantees that the latter are able to approximate maps of interest. Recent results have shown that this can also be achieved in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Lukas Gonon , Antoine Jacquier

The purpose of this article is to develop a machinery to study the capacity of deep neural networks (DNNs) to approximate high-dimensional functions. In particular, we show that DNNs have the expressive power to overcome the curse of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Pierfrancesco Beneventano , Patrick Cheridito , Robin Graeber , Arnulf Jentzen , Benno Kuckuck

In this paper, we study approximation properties of single hidden layer neural networks with weights varying on finitely many directions and thresholds from an open interval. We obtain a necessary and at the same time sufficient measure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Vugar Ismailov , Ekrem Savas

Symmetric functions, which take as input an unordered, fixed-size set, are known to be universally representable by neural networks that enforce permutation invariance. These architectures only give guarantees for fixed input sizes, yet in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Aaron Zweig , Joan Bruna

We study universal approximation of continuous functionals on compact subsets of products of Hilbert spaces. We prove that any such functional can be uniformly approximated by models that first take finitely many continuous linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Andrey Krylov , Maksim Penkin

In this paper we prove the bounded approximation property for variable exponent Lebesgue spaces, study the concept of nuclearity on such spaces and apply it to trace formulae such as the Grothendieck-Lidskii formula. We apply the obtained…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-01-31 Julio Delgado , Michael Ruzhansky

We identify various classes of neural networks that are able to approximate continuous functions locally uniformly subject to fixed global linear growth constraints. For such neural networks the associated neural stochastic differential…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-24 Anna P. Kwossek , David J. Prömel , Josef Teichmann

We make the case for neural network objects and extend an already existing neural network calculus explained in detail in Chapter 2 on \cite{bigbook}. Our aim will be to show that, yes, indeed, it makes sense to talk about neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Shakil Rafi , Joshua Lee Padgett , Ukash Nakarmi

The expressive power of neural networks is important for understanding deep learning. Most existing works consider this problem from the view of the depth of a network. In this paper, we study how width affects the expressiveness of neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-02 Zhou Lu , Hongming Pu , Feicheng Wang , Zhiqiang Hu , Liwei Wang

The universal approximation property is fundamental to the success of neural networks, and has traditionally been achieved by training networks without any constraints on their parameters. However, recent experimental research proposed a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Yongqiang Cai , Gaohang Chen , Zhonghua Qiao

A simple sparse coding mechanism appears in the sensory systems of several organisms: to a coarse approximation, an input $x \in \R^d$ is mapped to much higher dimension $m \gg d$ by a random linear transformation, and is then sparsified by…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Sanjoy Dasgupta , Christopher Tosh

In this paper we consider a new class of RBF (Radial Basis Function) neural networks, in which smoothing factors are replaced with shifts. We prove under certain conditions on the activation function that these networks are capable of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Aysu Ismayilova , Muhammad Ismayilov

As demonstrated in many areas of real-life applications, neural networks have the capability of dealing with high dimensional data. In the fields of optimal control and dynamical systems, the same capability was studied and verified in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Wei Kang , Qi Gong

We prove that for analytic functions in low dimension, the convergence rate of the deep neural network approximation is exponential.

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Weinan E , Qingcan Wang

We investigate the concept of Best Approximation for Feedforward Neural Networks (FNN) and explore their convergence properties through the lens of Random Projection (RPNNs). RPNNs have predetermined and fixed, once and for all, internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Gianluca Fabiani

We consider neural network approximation spaces that classify functions according to the rate at which they can be approximated (with error measured in $L^p$) by ReLU neural networks with an increasing number of coefficients, subject to…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-29 Philipp Grohs , Felix Voigtlaender

This article is concerned with the approximation and expressive powers of deep neural networks. This is an active research area currently producing many interesting papers. The results most commonly found in the literature prove that neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-08 I. Daubechies , R. DeVore , S. Foucart , B. Hanin , G. Petrova

In this Master Thesis, we study the approximation capabilities of Neural Networks in the context of numerical resolution of elliptic PDEs and Approximation Theory. First of all, in Chapter 1, we introduce the mathematical definition of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-07 Gonzalo Romera

We study the approximation of shift-invariant or equivariant functions by deep fully convolutional networks from the dynamical systems perspective. We prove that deep residual fully convolutional networks and their continuous-layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Ting Lin , Zuowei Shen , Qianxiao Li