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Wind turbines degrade over time, resulting in varying structural, aeroelastic, and aerodynamic properties. In contrast, the turbine controller calibrations generally remain constant, leading to suboptimal performance and potential stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-12 Sebastiaan P. Mulders , Alex J. Gallo , Mario A. Rotea

This paper presents an extremum seeking control algorithm with an adaptive step-size that adjusts the aggressiveness of the controller based on the quality of the gradient estimate. The adaptive step-size ensures that the integral-action…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Claus Danielson , Scott A. Bortoff , Ankush Chakrabarty

This paper presents an auto-optimization control framework for wave energy converters (WECs) to maximize energy generation under unknown and changing ocean conditions. The proposed control framework consists of two levels. The high-level…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Siyang Tang , Wen-Hua Chen , Cunjia Liu

The wave energy converter (WEC) devices provide access to a renewable energy source. Developing control strategies to harvest maximum wave energy requires solving a constrained optimal control problem. It is shown that singular control arcs…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-22 Kshitij Mall , Ehsan Taheri

Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) is a well-known set of continuous time algorithms for model-free optimization of a cost function. One issue for ESCs is the convergence rates of parameters to extrema of unknown cost functions. The local…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-20 Patrick McNamee , Zahra Nili Ahmadabadi

This paper deals with the gradient-based extremum seeking control (ESC) with actuation dynamics governed by distributed wave partial differential equations (PDEs). To achieve the control objective of real-time optimization for this class of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Elisio Juvenal Muchave , Pedro Henrique Silva Coutinho , Tiago Roux Oliveira , Miroslav Krstić

We propose two perturbation-based extremum seeking control (ESC) schemes for general single input single output nonlinear dynamical systems, having structures similar to that of the classical ESC scheme. We propose novel adaptation laws for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-06 Diganta Bhattacharjee , Kamesh Subbarao

Ocean wave renewable energy is fast becoming a key part of renewable energy industries over the recent decades. By developing wave energy converters as the main converter technology in this process, their power take-off (PTO) systems have…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Erfan Amini , Hossein Mehdipour , Emilio Faraggiana , Danial Golbaz , Sevda Mozaffari , Giovanni Bracco , Mehdi Neshat

This paper studies the extremum seeking control (ESC) problem for a class of constrained nonlinear systems. Specifically, we focus on a family of constraints allowing to reformulate the original nonlinear system in the so-called…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-24 Shuai Yuan , Filippo Fabiani , Simone Baldi

This paper aims to investigate electric dynamics and improve electric power generation of an isolated wave energy converter that uses a linear permanent magnet generator as the power take-off system, excited by regular or irregular waves.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-09-29 LiGuo Wang , MaoFeng Lin , Elisabetta Tedeschi , Jens Engström , Jan Isberg

This paper introduces extremum seeking (ES) algorithms designed to achieve perfect tracking of arbitrary time-varying extremum. In contrast to classical ES approaches that employ constant frequencies and controller gains, our algorithms…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-23 Cemal Tugrul Yilmaz , Mamadou Diagne , Miroslav Krstic

This paper presents novel extremum seeking (ES) strategies for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) systems that ensure unbiased convergence and prescribed-time performance. Conventional ES methods suffer from…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Cemal Tugrul Yilmaz , Eric Foss , Mamadou Diagne , Miroslav Krstic

This paper presents novel methods for achieving stable and efficient convergence in multivariable extremum seeking control (ESC) using sliding mode techniques. Drawing inspiration from both classical sliding mode control and more recent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Roberto Luo , Victor Hugo Pereira Rodrigues , Tiago Roux Oliveira , Miroslav Krstic

Grid-forming (GFM) inverters are essential for enhancing stability in modern power systems with high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs). However, their performance highly depends on control parameters tuning, particularly the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-15 Kyung-Bin Kwon , Min Gyung Yu , Sayak Mukherjee , Timothy I. Salsbury

Floating hybrid wind-wave systems combine offshore wind platforms with wave energy converters (WECs) to create cost-effective and reliable energy solutions. Adequately designed and tuned WECs are essential to avoid unwanted loads disrupting…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Mehdi Neshat , Nataliia Y. Sergiienko , Leandro S. P. da Silva , Seyedali Mirjalili , Amir H. Gandomi , Ossama Abdelkhalik , John Boland

A generic formulation for the optimal control of a single wave-energy converter (WEC) is proposed. The formulation involves hard and soft constraints on the motion of the WEC to promote reduced damage and fatigue to the device during…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-16 Mertcan Yetkin , Sudharsan Kalidoss , Frank E. Curtis , Lawrence V. Snyder , Arindam Banerjee

This paper presents an original energy management methodology to enhance the resilience of ship power systems. The integration of various energy storage systems (ESS), including battery energy storage systems (BESS) and super-capacitor…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-05 Linh Vu , Thai-Thanh Nguyen , Bang Le-Huy Nguyen , Md Isfakul Anam , Tuyen Vu

Ocean wave energy is a source of renewable energy that has gained much attention for its potential to contribute significantly to meeting the global energy demand. In this research, we investigate the problem of maximising the energy…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Mehdi Neshat , Bradley Alexander , Nataliia Sergiienko , Markus Wagner

Extremum seeking (ES) optimization approach has been very popular due to its non-model based analysis and implementation. This approach has been mostly used with gradient based search algorithms. Since least squares (LS) algorithms are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-10 Nursefa Zengin , Baris Fidan

We present multivariable extremum seeking (ES) designs that achieve unbiased convergence to the optimum. Two designs are introduced: one with exponential unbiased convergence (unbiased extremum seeker, uES) and the other with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-02 Cemal Tugrul Yilmaz , Mamadou Diagne , Miroslav Krstic
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