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This is a tutorial review of methods to braid the world lines of non-Abelian anyons (Majorana zero-modes) in topological superconductors. That "Holy Grail" of topological quantum information processing has not yet been reached in the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-08-06 C. W. J. Beenakker

Qubits in topological quantum computation are built from non-Abelian anyons. Adiabatic braiding of anyons is exploited as topologically protected logical gate operations. Thus, the adiabaticity upon which the notion of quantum statistics is…

Superconductivity · Physics 2011-10-06 Meng Cheng , Victor Galitski , Sankar Das Sarma

We provide a current perspective on the rapidly developing field of Majorana zero modes in solid state systems. We emphasize the theoretical prediction, experimental realization, and potential use of Majorana zero modes in future…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-11-09 Sankar Das Sarma , Michael Freedman , Chetan Nayak

The study of non-Abelian Majorana zero modes advances our understanding of the fundamental physics in quantum matter, and pushes the potential applications of such exotic states to topological quantum computation. It has been shown that in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-05-02 Xiong-Jun Liu , Chris L. M. Wong , K. T. Law

Topological quantum computation provides an elegant way around decoherence, as one encodes quantum information in a non-local fashion that the environment finds difficult to corrupt. Here we establish that one of the key…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Jason Alicea , Yuval Oreg , Gil Refael , Felix von Oppen , Matthew P. A. Fisher

We study the twist defects in the toric code model introduced by Bombin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 030403 (2010)]. Using a generalized 2D Jordan-Wigner transformation, we show explicitly the twist defects carry unpaired Majorana zero modes. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-06 Huaixiu Zheng , Arpit Dua , Liang Jiang

Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are the most intensively studied non-Abelian anyons. The Dirac fermion zero modes in topological insulators, which are symmetry-protected doubling of MZMs under fermion number conservation, offer an alternative…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Tianyu Huang , Rui Zhang , Xiaopeng Li , Xiong-Jun Liu , X. C. Xie , Yijia Wu

Coupled Majorana zero modes with nonzero energies are generally detrimental to the non-Abelian statistics due to the additional dynamic phase. Nevertheless, we show that a well-connected lead can introduce a local non-Hermitian dissipation…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-08-16 Hongchao Liu , Ming Lu , Yijia Wu , Jie Liu , X. C. Xie

Non-Abelian toplogical superconductors are characterized by the existence of {zero-energy} Majorana fermions bound in the quantized vortices. This is a consequence of the nontrivial bulk topology characterized by an {\em odd} Chern number.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-01-14 Jian-Hua Jiang , Si Wu

The non-Abelian braiding of Majorana fermions is one of the most promising operations providing a key building block for the realization of topological quantum computation. Recently, the chiral Majorana fermions were observed in a hybrid…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-05-29 Yan-Feng Zhou , Zhe Hou , Qing-Feng Sun

Recently, Majorana fermions (MFs) have attracted intensive attention because of their possible non-Abelian statistics. This paper points out an approach to verify the non-Abelian statistics of MFs in topological superconductors. We…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-06-05 Qiu-Bo Cheng , Jing He , Su-Peng Kou

The realization and manipulation of Majorana zero modes have drawn significant attention for their crucial role in enabling topological quantum computation. Conventional approaches to the braiding of Majorana zero modes rely on adiabatic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Fei Yu , P. Z. Zhao , Jiangbin Gong

The list of quantum mechanical systems with non-Abelian statistics has recently been expanded by including generic spin-orbit-coupled semiconductors e.g., InAs) in proximity to a s-wave superconductor. Demonstration of the anyonic…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2011-08-24 Jay D. Sau , Sumanta Tewari , S. Das Sarma

Majorana zero modes are quasiparticles that hold promise as building blocks for topological quantum computing. However, the litmus test for their detection, the observation of exotic non-abelian statistics revealed by braiding, has so far…

Chiral Majorana fermion is a massless self-conjugate fermion which can arise as the edge state of certain two-dimensonal topological matters. It has been theoretically predicted and experimentally observed in a hybrid device of quantum…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-10-10 Biao Lian , Xiao-Qi Sun , Abolhassan Vaezi , Xiao-Liang Qi , Shou-Cheng Zhang

Geometric phases, generated by cyclic evolutions of quantum systems, offer an inspiring playground for advancing fundamental physics and technologies, alike. Intriguingly, the exotic statistics of anyons realised in physical systems can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-28 Jin-Shi Xu , Kai Sun , Jiannis K. Pachos , Yong-Jian Han , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

We show that three dimensional superconductors, described within a Bogoliubov de Gennes framework can have zero energy bound states associated with pointlike topological defects. The Majorana fermions associated with these modes have…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Jeffrey C. Y. Teo , C. L. Kane

Non-Abelian anyons--particles whose exchange noncommutatively transforms a system's quantum state--are widely sought for the exotic fundamental physics they harbor as well as for quantum computing applications. There now exist numerous…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-01-24 David J. Clarke , Jason Alicea , Kirill Shtengel

Majorana fermions subject to the non-Abelian braid group are believed to be the basic ingredients of future topological quantum computations. In this work, we propose to simulate Majorana fermions of the Kitaev model in electric circuits…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-08-13 Motohiko Ezawa

Majorana edge modes are candidate elements of topological quantum computing. In this work, we purpose a Floquet engineering approach to generate arbitrarily many non-Hermitian Majorana zero and $\pi$ modes at the edges of a one-dimensional…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-03-17 Longwen Zhou
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