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In this note, we consider radio characteristics of three proton flares that caused discrete enhancements of solar energetic particles (SEPs) near Earth. The analysis confirmed that the flux density and frequency spectrum of microwave…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-02 I. M. Chertok

Type III radio bursts are a signature of the flux of near-relativistic electrons ejected during solar flares. These bursts are frequently observed by spacecraft such as the Parker Solar Probe. It is traditionally believed that these…

Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) release enormous amounts of energy, offering a promising avenue for detecting Population III (Pop III) stars. However, the radiative properties of TDEs of Pop III stars have so far been studied only…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-13 Yu-Heng Sheng , De-Fu Bu , Liang Chen , Shi-Yin Shen , Bo-Yan Chen , Xiao-Hong Yang

Two scenarios have been proposed to account for sustained $\ge 30$\,MeV gamma-ray emission in solar flares: (1) prolonged particle acceleration/trapping involving large-scale magnetic loops at the flare site, and (2) precipitation of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-05 Lisa M. Winter , Valerie Bernstein , Nicola Omodei , Melissa Pesce-Rollins

Solar radio type III bursts are believed to be the most sensitive signature of near-relativistic electron beam propagation in the corona. A solar radio type IIIb-III pair burst with fine frequency structures, observed by the Low Frequency…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-11 Xingyao Chen , Eduard P. Kontar , Sijie Yu , Yihua Yan , Jing Huang , Baolin Tan

We present an overview of the observed properties of the GLEs and those of the associated flares and CMEs. The solar eruptions are very intense involving X-class flares and extreme CME speeds (average ~2000 km/s). The active regions in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 N. Gopalswamy , H. Xie , S. Yashiro , S. Akiyama , P. Mäkelä , I. G. Usoskin

We report on the observation of first, second, and third harmonic components during an interplanetary (IP) type II solar radio burst observed on 2024 September 14 by the radio instruments on board Wind, the Solar Terrestrial Relations…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-01 Nat Gopalswamy , Pertti Makela , Hong Xie , Sachiko Akiyama , Seiji Yashiro

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are eruptive events that cause a solar-type star to shed mass and magnetic flux. CMEs tend to occur together with flares, radio storms, and bursts of energetic particles. On the Sun, CME-related mass loss is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-24 Steven R. Cranmer

Type II radio bursts are often associated with coronal shocks that are typically driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun. Here, we conduct a case study of a type II radio burst that is associated with a C4.5 class flare and a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-04 Zhenyong Hou , Hui Tian , Wei Su , Maria S. Madjarska , Hechao Chen , Ruisheng Zheng , Xianyong Bai , Yuanyong Deng

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can accelerate electrons, causing bursts such as type IV emissions in the solar radio continuum. Although radio spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool for the corona, the origin and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-03 Edin Husidic , Nicolas Wijsen , Immanuel Christopher Jebaraj , Angelos Vourlidas , Luis Linan , Rami Vainio , Stefaan Poedts

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are closely coupled through magnetic reconnection. CMEs are usually accelerated impulsively within the low solar corona, synchronized with the impulsive flare energy release. We investigate the…

The evolution of an X2.7 solar flare, that occurred in a complex $\beta\gamma\delta$ magnetic configuration region on 2003 November 3 is discussed utilizing a multi-wavelength data set. The very first signature of pre-flare coronal activity…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Bhuwan Joshi , P. K. Manoharan , Astrid M. Veronig , P. Pant , Kavita Pandey

Context. Periodicities have frequently been reported across many wavelengths in the solar corona. Correlated periods of ~5 minutes, comparable to solar p-modes, are suggestive of coupling between the photosphere and the corona. Aims. Our…

The Sun frequently accelerates near-relativistic electron beams that travel out through the solar corona and interplanetary space. Interacting with their plasma environment, these beams produce type III radio bursts, the brightest…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-04 Hamish A. S. Reid , Eduard P. Kontar

Observational detection of quasi-periodic drifting fine structures in a type III radio burst associated with a solar flare SOL2015-04-16T11:22, with Low Frequency Array, is presented. Although similar modulations of the type III emission…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-11 Dmitrii Y. Kolotkov , Valery M. Nakariakov , Eduard P. Kontar

We study a sample of complex events; each includes a coronal type II burst, accompanied by a GOES SXR flare and LASCO CME. The radio bursts were recorded by the ARTEMIS-IV radio spectrograph (100-650 MHz range); the GOES SXR flares and…

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are an important product of solar activity. They are connected to solar active regions and flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), EUV waves, shocks, Type II and III radio emissions, and X-ray bursts. These…

Aims: Solar radio type II bursts are rarely seen at frequencies higher than a few hundred MHz. Since metric type II bursts are thought to be signatures of propagating shock waves, it is of interest to know how these shocks, and the type II…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. Pohjolainen , J. Pomoell , R. Vainio

Metric type II solar radio bursts and solar energetic particles (SEPs) are both associated with shock fronts driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the solar corona. Recent studies of ground level enhancements (GLEs), regular large…

Type II radio bursts are solar radio emissions generated by electrons accelerated by coronal shocks. These bursts are typically found close to expanding coronal mass ejections (CMEs), making them valuable for studying the properties and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-13 K. Bhandari , D. E. Morosan , S. Normo