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Related papers: Language Modeling with Reduced Densities

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The embedding space of language models is widely believed to capture the semantic relationships; for instance, embeddings of digits often exhibit an ordered structure that corresponds to their natural sequence. However, the mechanisms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Junjie Yao , Zhi-Qin John Xu

Building on our previous work on enriched universal algebra, we define a notion of enriched language consisting of function and relation symbols whose arities are objects of the base of enrichment. In this context, we construct atomic…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-06 Jiří Rosický , Giacomo Tendas

The success of pretrained contextual encoders, such as ELMo and BERT, has brought a great deal of interest in what these models learn: do they, without explicit supervision, learn to encode meaningful notions of linguistic structure? If so,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Julian Michael , Jan A. Botha , Ian Tenney

Machine learning systems regularly deal with structured data in real-world applications. Unfortunately, such data has been difficult to faithfully represent in a way that most machine learning techniques would expect, i.e. as a real-valued…

Analyses of transformer-based models have shown that they encode a variety of linguistic information from their textual input. While these analyses have shed a light on the relation between linguistic information on one side, and internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Vivi Nastase , Paola Merlo

Token embeddings, a mapping from discrete lexical symbols to continuous vectors, are at the heart of any language model (LM). However, lexical symbol meanings can also be determined and even redefined by their structural role in a long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Qian Huang , Eric Zelikman , Sarah Li Chen , Yuhuai Wu , Gregory Valiant , Percy Liang

Disentangling the encodings of neural models is a fundamental aspect for improving interpretability, semantic control and downstream task performance in Natural Language Processing. Currently, most disentanglement methods are unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Danilo S. Carvalho , Giangiacomo Mercatali , Yingji Zhang , Andre Freitas

A major problem in the study of large language models is to understand their inherent low-dimensional structure. We introduce an approach to study the low-dimensional structure of language models at a model-agnostic level: as sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Noah Golowich , Allen Liu , Abhishek Shetty

By representing words with probability densities rather than point vectors, probabilistic word embeddings can capture rich and interpretable semantic information and uncertainty. The uncertainty information can be particularly meaningful in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-30 Ben Athiwaratkun , Andrew Gordon Wilson

We study the problem of automatically building hypernym taxonomies from textual and visual data. Previous works in taxonomy induction generally ignore the increasingly prominent visual data, which encode important perceptual semantics.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-30 Hao Zhang , Zhiting Hu , Yuntian Deng , Mrinmaya Sachan , Zhicheng Yan , Eric P. Xing

In this work, we leverage the linear algebraic structure of distributed word representations to automatically extend knowledge bases and allow a machine to learn new facts about the world. Our goal is to extract structured facts from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Lisa Seung-Yeon Lee

Structured data, prevalent in tables, databases, and knowledge graphs, poses a significant challenge in its representation. With the advent of large language models (LLMs), there has been a shift towards linearization-based methods, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Yutong Shao , Ndapa Nakashole

Written language is a complex communication signal capable of conveying information encoded in the form of ordered sequences of words. Beyond the local order ruled by grammar, semantic and thematic structures affect long-range patterns in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-05-17 Marcelo A. Montemurro , Damian Zanette

More than 80% of today's data is unstructured in nature, and these unstructured datasets evolve over time. A large part of these datasets are text documents generated by media outlets, scholarly articles in digital libraries, findings from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Roberto Camacho Barranco , Raimundo F. Dos Santos , M. Shahriar Hossain

The words-as-classifiers model of grounded lexical semantics learns a semantic fitness score between physical entities and the words that are used to denote those entities. In this paper, we explore how such a model can incrementally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Daniele Moro , Stacy Black , Casey Kennington

This paper presents a model-based, unsupervised algorithm for recovering word boundaries in a natural-language text from which they have been deleted. The algorithm is derived from a probability model of the source that generated the text.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Michael R. Brent

Our goal is to build classification models using a combination of free-text and structured data. To do this, we represent structured data by text sentences, DataWords, so that similar data items are mapped into the same sentence. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Stephen I. Gallant , Mirza Nasir Hossain

Deep learning sequence models have led to a marked increase in performance for a range of Natural Language Processing tasks, but it remains an open question whether they are able to induce proper hierarchical generalizations for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Ethan Wilcox , Roger Levy , Richard Futrell

We study a deliberately simple, fully non-linguistic model of text: a sequence of independent draws from a finite alphabet of letters plus a single space symbol. A word is defined as a maximal block of non-space symbols. Within this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Vladimir Berman

The paper presents a language model that develops syntactic structure and uses it to extract meaningful information from the word history, thus enabling the use of long distance dependencies. The model assigns probability to every joint…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ciprian Chelba