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The effects of treatments may differ between persons with different characteristics. Addressing such treatment heterogeneity is crucial to investigate whether patients with specific characteristics are likely to benefit from a new…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-29 Xynthia Kavelaars , Joris Mulder , Maurits Kaptein

We study the problem of adaptively identifying patient subpopulations that benefit from a given treatment during a confirmatory clinical trial. This type of adaptive clinical trial has been thoroughly studied in biostatistics, but has been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-06 Alicia Curth , Alihan Hüyük , Mihaela van der Schaar

Risk stratification is a key tool in clinical decision-making, yet current approaches often fail to translate sophisticated survival analysis into actionable clinical criteria. We present a novel method for unsupervised machine learning…

With medical tests becoming increasingly available, concerns about over-testing and over-treatment dramatically increase. Hence, it is important to understand the influence of testing on treatment selection in general practice. Most…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-11 Yun Li , Irina Bondarenko , Michael R. Elliott , Timothy P. Hofer , Jeremy M. G. Taylor

We consider comparisons of statistical learning algorithms using multiple data sets, via leave-one-in cross-study validation: each of the algorithms is trained on one data set; the resulting model is then validated on each remaining data…

Applications · Statistics 2015-06-02 Lorenzo Trippa , Levi Waldron , Curtis Huttenhower , Giovanni Parmigiani

This paper extends my research applying statistical decision theory to treatment choice with sample data, using maximum regret to evaluate the performance of treatment rules. The specific new contribution is to study as-if optimization…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-05 Charles F. Manski

In the genomic era, the identification of gene signatures associated with disease is of significant interest. Such signatures are often used to predict clinical outcomes in new patients and aid clinical decision-making. However, recent…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-27 Naim U. Rashid , Quefeng Li , Jen Jen Yeh , Joseph G. Ibrahim

Effective therapy of complex diseases requires control of highly non-linear complex networks that remain incompletely characterized. In particular, drug intervention can be seen as control of signaling in cellular networks. Identification…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2009-09-03 Jacob D. Feala , Jorge Cortes , Phillip M. Duxbury , Carlo Piermarocchi , Andrew D. McCulloch , Giovanni Paternostro

Subsampling is commonly used to overcome computational and economical bottlenecks in the analysis of finite populations and massive datasets. Existing methods are often limited in scope and use optimality criteria (e.g., A-optimality) with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-07 Henrik Imberg , Marina Axelson-Fisk , Johan Jonasson

Optimal design of a Phase I cancer trial can be formulated as a stochastic optimization problem. By making use of recent advances in approximate dynamic programming to tackle the problem, we develop an approximation of the Bayesian optimal…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-12-01 Jay Bartroff , Tze Leung Lai

Precision oncology aims to prescribe the optimal cancer treatment to the right patients, maximizing therapeutic benefits. However, identifying patient subgroups that may benefit more from experimental cancer treatments based on randomized…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-06 Xingyu Li , Qing Liu , Tony Jiang , Hong Amy Xia , Peng Wei , Brian P. Hobbs

A new approach to adaptive design of clinical trials is proposed in a general multiparameter exponential family setting, based on generalized likelihood ratio statistics and optimal sequential testing theory. These designs are easy to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-05-25 Jay Bartroff , Tze Leung Lai

Subclassification and matching are often used in empirical studies to adjust for observed covariates; however, they are largely restricted to relatively simple study designs with a binary treatment and less developed for designs with a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-28 Bo Zhang , Emily J. Mackay , Mike Baiocchi

With new advancements in technology, it is now possible to collect data for a variety of different metrics describing tumor growth, including tumor volume, composition, and vascularity, among others. For any proposed model of tumor growth…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-09-08 Heyrim Cho , Allison L. Lewis , Kathleen M. Storey

Mechanistic mathematical models of biological systems usually contain a number of unknown parameters whose values need to be estimated from available experimental data in order for the models to be validated and used to make quantitative…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-16 Yue Liu , Philip K. Maini , Ruth E. Baker

Randomization is a common technique used in clinical trials to eliminate potential bias and confounders in a patient population. Equal allocation to treatment groups is the standard due to its optimal efficiency in many cases. However, in…

Applications · Statistics 2020-04-09 Thevaa Chandereng , Xiaodan Wei , Rick Chappell

In the era of precision medicine, more and more clinical trials are now driven or guided by biomarkers, which are patient characteristics objectively measured and evaluated as indicators of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-02 Hong Zhang , Jie Pu , Shibing Deng , Satrajit Roychoudhury , Haitao Chu , Douglas Robinson

We study the design of multi-armed parallel group clinical trials to estimate personalized treatment rules that identify the best treatment for a given patient with given covariates. Assuming that the outcomes in each treatment arm are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-13 David Azriel , Yosef Rinott , Martin Posch

The analysis of case-control studies with several subtypes of cases is increasingly common, e.g. in cancer epidemiology. For matched designs, we show that a natural strategy is based on a stratified conditional logistic regression model.…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-23 Nadim Ballout , Cedric Garcia , Vivian Viallon

Clinical trials often evaluate multiple outcome variables to form a comprehensive picture of the effects of a new treatment. The resulting multidimensional insight contributes to clinically relevant and efficient decision-making about…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-14 X. M. Kavelaars , J. Mulder , M. C. Kaptein