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Neural language models (LMs) are typically trained using only lexical features, such as surface forms of words. In this paper, we argue this deprives the LM of crucial syntactic signals that can be detected at high confidence using existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Duncan Blythe , Alan Akbik , Roland Vollgraf

The success of neural language models (LMs) on many technological tasks has brought about their potential relevance as scientific theories of language despite some clear differences between LM training and child language acquisition. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Héctor Javier Vázquez Martínez , Annika Lea Heuser , Charles Yang , Jordan Kodner

Large language models (LLMs) that have been trained on multilingual but not parallel text exhibit a remarkable ability to translate between languages. We probe this ability in an in-depth study of the pathways language model (PaLM), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 David Vilar , Markus Freitag , Colin Cherry , Jiaming Luo , Viresh Ratnakar , George Foster

Language models based on the Transformer architecture achieve excellent results in many language-related tasks, such as text classification or sentiment analysis. However, despite the architecture of these models being well-defined, little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Miguel López-Otal , Jorge Gracia , Jordi Bernad , Carlos Bobed , Lucía Pitarch-Ballesteros , Emma Anglés-Herrero

Recent breakthroughs in NLP research, such as the advent of Transformer models have indisputably contributed to major advancements in several tasks. However, few works research robustness and explainability issues of their evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Maria Lymperaiou , George Manoliadis , Orfeas Menis Mastromichalakis , Edmund G. Dervakos , Giorgos Stamou

Although recent Massively Multilingual Language Models (MMLMs) like mBERT and XLMR support around 100 languages, most existing multilingual NLP benchmarks provide evaluation data in only a handful of these languages with little linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Kabir Ahuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

The increasing adoption of natural language processing (NLP) models across industries has led to practitioners' need for machine learning systems to handle these models efficiently, from training to serving them in production. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Lovre Torbarina , Tin Ferkovic , Lukasz Roguski , Velimir Mihelcic , Bruno Sarlija , Zeljko Kraljevic

Large Language Models (LLMs) have drawn a lot of attention due to their strong performance on a wide range of natural language tasks, since the release of ChatGPT in November 2022. LLMs' ability of general-purpose language understanding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shervin Minaee , Tomas Mikolov , Narjes Nikzad , Meysam Chenaghlu , Richard Socher , Xavier Amatriain , Jianfeng Gao

Pre-trained language models have achieved huge improvement on many NLP tasks. However, these methods are usually designed for written text, so they do not consider the properties of spoken language. Therefore, this paper aims at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved their capability in performing NLP tasks. However, deeper semantic understanding, contextual coherence, and more subtle reasoning are still difficult to obtain. The paper discusses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Mohanakrishnan Hariharan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly reshaping machine translation (MT), particularly by introducing instruction-following, in-context learning, and preference-based alignment into what has traditionally been a supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Baban Gain , Dibyanayan Bandyopadhyay , Asif Ekbal , Trilok Nath Singh

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been the de facto paradigm for most natural language processing (NLP) tasks. This also benefits biomedical domain: researchers from informatics, medicine, and computer science (CS) communities propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Benyou Wang , Qianqian Xie , Jiahuan Pei , Zhihong Chen , Prayag Tiwari , Zhao Li , Jie fu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support the analysis of complex financial disclosures, yet their reliability, behavioral consistency, and transparency remain insufficiently understood in high-stakes settings. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Talha Mohsin

Transfer learning, where a model is first pre-trained on a data-rich task before being fine-tuned on a downstream task, has emerged as a powerful technique in natural language processing (NLP). The effectiveness of transfer learning has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Colin Raffel , Noam Shazeer , Adam Roberts , Katherine Lee , Sharan Narang , Michael Matena , Yanqi Zhou , Wei Li , Peter J. Liu

In recent years, Natural Language Processing (NLP) models have achieved phenomenal success in linguistic and semantic tasks like text classification, machine translation, cognitive dialogue systems, information retrieval via Natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Sushant Singh , Ausif Mahmood

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has achieved tremendous success in the field of Natural Language Processing owing to diverse training paradigms that empower LLMs to effectively capture intricate linguistic patterns and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Lemei Zhang , Peng Liu , Yashar Deldjoo , Yong Zheng , Jon Atle Gulla

The emergence of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) has achieved tremendous success in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) by learning universal representations on large corpora in a self-supervised manner. The pre-trained models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Peng Liu , Lemei Zhang , Jon Atle Gulla

Language is typically modelled with discrete sequences. However, the most successful approaches to language modelling, namely neural networks, are continuous and smooth function approximators. In this work, we show that Transformer-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Samuele Marro , Davide Evangelista , X. Angelo Huang , Emanuele La Malfa , Michele Lombardi , Michael Wooldridge

Recent Active Learning (AL) approaches in Natural Language Processing (NLP) proposed using off-the-shelf pretrained language models (LMs). In this paper, we argue that these LMs are not adapted effectively to the downstream task during AL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Katerina Margatina , Loïc Barrault , Nikolaos Aletras

The logical negation property (LNP), which implies generating different predictions for semantically opposite inputs, is an important property that a trustworthy language model must satisfy. However, much recent evidence shows that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Myeongjun Jang , Frank Mtumbuka , Thomas Lukasiewicz