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This paper introduces two simple techniques to improve off-policy Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms. First, we formulate off-policy RL as a stochastic proximal point iteration. The target network plays the role of the variable of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Marco Maggipinto , Gian Antonio Susto , Pratik Chaudhari

Distributed training and increasing the gradient update frequency are practical strategies to accelerate learning and improve performance, but both exacerbate a central challenge: \textit{policy lag}, which is the mismatch between the…

We study off-policy evaluation (OPE) from multiple logging policies, each generating a dataset of fixed size, i.e., stratified sampling. Previous work noted that in this setting the ordering of the variances of different importance sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Nathan Kallus , Yuta Saito , Masatoshi Uehara

Failure of machine learning models to generalize to new data is a core problem limiting the reliability of AI systems, partly due to the lack of simple and robust methods for comparing new data to the original training dataset. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 W. Max Schreyer , Christopher Anderson , Reid F. Thompson

The convergence of policy gradient algorithms hinges on the optimization landscape of the underlying optimal control problem. Theoretical insights into these algorithms can often be acquired from analyzing those of linear quadratic control.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-02 Jingliang Duan , Wenhan Cao , Yang Zheng , Lin Zhao

Off-policy evaluation (OPE) in reinforcement learning is an important problem in settings where experimentation is limited, such as education and healthcare. But, in these very same settings, observed actions are often confounded by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Andrew Bennett , Nathan Kallus , Lihong Li , Ali Mousavi

We study the problem of training diffusion models to sample from a distribution with a given unnormalized density or energy function. We benchmark several diffusion-structured inference methods, including simulation-based variational…

Nonlinear optimization-based control policies, such as those those arising in nonlinear Model Predictive Control, have seen remarkable success in recent years. These policies require solving computationally demanding nonlinear optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Riccardo Zuliani , Efe C. Balta , John Lygeros

In recent years, Evolutionary Strategies were actively explored in robotic tasks for policy search as they provide a simpler alternative to reinforcement learning algorithms. However, this class of algorithms is often claimed to be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Vladislav Kurenkov , Bulat Maksudov

The increasing availability of sensing techniques provides a great opportunity for engineers to design state estimation methods, which are optimal for the system under observation and the observed noise patterns. However, these patterns…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-19 Jean-Sébastien Brouillon , Florian Dörfler , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate

In the real world, a learning system could receive an input that is unlike anything it has seen during training. Unfortunately, out-of-distribution samples can lead to unpredictable behaviour. We need to know whether any given input belongs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Alireza Shafaei , Mark Schmidt , James J. Little

Data-driven predictive control (DDPC) has been recently proposed as an effective alternative to traditional model-predictive control (MPC) for its unique features of being time-efficient and unbiased with respect to the oracle solution.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-22 Valentina Breschi , Alessandro Chiuso , Simone Formentin

The strategy of divide-and-combine (DC) has been widely used in the area of big data. Bias-correction is crucial in the DC procedure for validly aggregating the locally biased estimators, especial for the case when the number of batches of…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-28 Lu Lin , Jun Lu

Unbiased estimators are introduced for averaged Bregman divergences which generalize Stein's Unbiased (Predictive) Risk Estimator, and the minimization of these estimators is proposed as a regularization parameter selection method for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-22 Elias S. Helou , Sandra A. Santos , Lucas E. A. Simões

We introduce Multi-Iteration Stochastic Optimizers, a novel class of first-order stochastic methods that control the relative $L^2$ error using successive control variates along the iteration path. By exploiting correlations between…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Andre Carlon , Luis Espath , Rafael Lopez , Raul Tempone

Discount regularization, using a shorter planning horizon when calculating the optimal policy, is a popular choice to restrict planning to a less complex set of policies when estimating an MDP from sparse or noisy data (Jiang et al., 2015).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Sarah Rathnam , Sonali Parbhoo , Weiwei Pan , Susan A. Murphy , Finale Doshi-Velez

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables data-efficient and safe policy learning without online exploration, but its performance often degrades under distribution shift. The learned policy may visit out-of-distribution state-action pairs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Hongqiang Lin , Zhenghui Fu , Weihao Tang , Pengfei Wang , Yiding Sun , Qixian Huang , Dongxu Zhang

With the ability to learn from static datasets, Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) emerges as a compelling avenue for real-world applications. However, state-of-the-art offline RL algorithms perform sub-optimally when confronted with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Briti Gangopadhyay , Zhao Wang , Jia-Fong Yeh , Shingo Takamatsu

Approaches to recommendation are typically evaluated in one of two ways: (1) via a (simulated) online experiment, often seen as the gold standard, or (2) via some offline evaluation procedure, where the goal is to approximate the outcome of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Olivier Jeunen , Ivan Potapov , Aleksei Ustimenko

Existing on-policy imitation learning algorithms, such as DAgger, assume access to a fixed supervisor. However, there are many settings where the supervisor may evolve during policy learning, such as a human performing a novel task or an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Ashwin Balakrishna , Brijen Thananjeyan , Jonathan Lee , Felix Li , Arsh Zahed , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ken Goldberg
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