Related papers: The Fermat's and Euler's congruence theorems
We revisit old conjectures of Fermat and Euler regarding representation of integers by binary quadratic form x^2+5y^2. Making use of Ramanujan's_1\psi_1 summation formula we establish a new Lambert series identity for…
We show that under the assumption of a 24-term version of Fermat's Last Theorem, there exists an absolute constant c > 0 such that if S is a set of n > n_0 positive integers satisfying |S.S| < n^(1+c), then the sumset S.S satisfies |S+S| >>…
We describe symmetry structure of a general singular theory (theory with constraints in the Hamiltonian formulation), and, in particular, we relate the structure of gauge transformations with the constraint structure. We show that any…
In this paper a class of languages which are formal enough for mathematical reasoning is introduced. First-order formal languages containing natural numbers and numerals belong to that class. Its languages are called mathematically…
Summation formulas, such as the Euler-Maclaurin expansion or Gregory's quadrature, have found many applications in mathematics, ranging from accelerating series, to evaluating fractional sums and analyzing asymptotics, among others. We show…
Factored neural machine translation (FNMT) is founded on the idea of using the morphological and grammatical decomposition of the words (factors) at the output side of the neural network. This architecture addresses two well-known problems…
The idea of generating integrals analogous to generating functions is first introduced in this paper. A new proof of the well-known Finite Harmonic Series Theorem in Analysis and Analytical Number Theory is then obtained by the method of…
Shnirel'man's inequality and Shnirel'man's basis theorem are fundamental results about sums of sets of positive integers in additive number theory. It is proved that these results are inherently order-theoretic and extend to partially…
We develop a comprehensive theory of the stable representation categories of several sequences of groups, including the classical and symmetric groups, and their relation to the unstable categories. An important component of this theory is…
Given two infinite sequences with known binomial transforms, we compute the binomial transform of the product sequence. Various identities are obtained and numerous examples are given involving sequences of special numbers: Harmonic…
Let $A$ be a sufficiently dense subset of a finite field $\mathbb F_q$ or a finite, cyclic ring $\mathbb Z/ N\mathbb Z$. Assuming that $q$ and $N$ have no small prime divisors, we show that generalised Fermat equations have the expected…
In this article we give a result obtained of an experimental way for the Euler totient function.
In this note, we derive a finite summation formula and an infinite summation formula involving Harmonic numbers of order up to some order by means of several definite integrals
We consider a notion of uniform thinning for a finite sequence of random variables $(X_1,...,X_n)$ obtained by removing one random variable, uniformly at random. If a triangular array of random variables $(X_{n,k} : n \in \mathbb{N}_+, 1…
A smooth Hermitian surface $X$ is a projective surface isomorphic to the Fermat surface of degree $q+1$ in positive characteristic. We study incidence relations of the rational curves of degree $q+1$ contained in $X$, and show that such…
For a positive linear map F and a normal matrix N, we show that |F(N)| is bounded by some simple linear combinations in the unitary orbit of F(|N|). Several elegant sharp inequalities are derived, especially for the Schur product.
The properties of the normal distribution under linear transformation, as well the easy way to compute the covariance matrix of marginals and conditionals, offer a unique opportunity to get an insight about several aspects of uncertainties…
This paper investigates the relationship between various measure-theoretic properties of U-statistics with fixed sample size $N$ and the same properties of their kernels. Specifically, the random variables are replaced with elements in some…
We consider a Beckmann formulation of an unbalanced optimal transport (UOT) problem. The $\Gamma$-convergence of this formulation of UOT to the corresponding optimal transport (OT) problem is established as the balancing parameter $\alpha$…
We present a simple proof of the factorization of (complex) symmetric matrices into a product of a square matrix and its transpose, and discuss its application in establishing a uniqueness property of certain antilinear operators.