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We introduce the observable Wasserstein distance, a framework for deriving lower bounds on the Wasserstein distance between probability measures on Polish metric spaces, designed to bypass the computational intractability of exact optimal…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Edivaldo Lopes dos Santos , Leandro Vicente Mauri , Washington Mio , Tom Needham

This paper presents a distance-based discriminative framework for learning with probability distributions. Instead of using kernel mean embeddings or generalized radial basis kernels, we introduce embeddings based on dissimilarity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Alain Rakotomamonjy , Abraham Traoré , Maxime Berar , Rémi Flamary , Nicolas Courty

In this paper, we present an adversarial unsupervised domain adaptation framework for object detection. Prior approaches utilize adversarial training based on cross entropy between the source and target domain distributions to learn a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Pengcheng Xu , Prudhvi Gurram , Gene Whipps , Rama Chellappa

Self-supervised depth estimation algorithms rely heavily on frame-warping relationships, exhibiting substantial performance degradation when applied in challenging circumstances, such as low-visibility and nighttime scenarios with varying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Madhu Vankadari , Samuel Hodgson , Sangyun Shin , Kaichen Zhou Andrew Markham , Niki Trigoni

The squared Wasserstein distance is a natural quantity to compare probability distributions in a non-parametric setting. This quantity is usually estimated with the plug-in estimator, defined via a discrete optimal transport problem which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-30 Lenaic Chizat , Pierre Roussillon , Flavien Léger , François-Xavier Vialard , Gabriel Peyré

Comparing spherical probability distributions is of great interest in various fields, including geology, medical domains, computer vision, and deep representation learning. The utility of optimal transport-based distances, such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Huy Tran , Yikun Bai , Abihith Kothapalli , Ashkan Shahbazi , Xinran Liu , Rocio Diaz Martin , Soheil Kolouri

Anomaly detection (AD) has been an active research area in various domains. Yet, the increasing data scale, complexity, and dimension turn the traditional methods into challenging. Recently, the deep generative model, such as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Yurong Chen , Hui Zhang , Yaonan Wang , Q. M. Jonathan Wu , Yimin Yang

Motivated by the statistical and computational challenges of computing Wasserstein distances in high-dimensional contexts, machine learning researchers have defined modified Wasserstein distances based on computing distances between…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-02 Jiaqi Xi , Jonathan Niles-Weed

The Wasserstein distance is a powerful metric based on the theory of optimal transport. It gives a natural measure of the distance between two distributions with a wide range of applications. In contrast to a number of the common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Jung Hun Oh , Maryam Pouryahya , Aditi Iyer , Aditya P. Apte , Allen Tannenbaum , Joseph O. Deasy

Stereo-based depth estimation is a cornerstone of computer vision, with state-of-the-art methods delivering accurate results in real time. For several applications such as autonomous navigation, however, it may be useful to trade accuracy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Abhishek Badki , Alejandro Troccoli , Kihwan Kim , Jan Kautz , Pradeep Sen , Orazio Gallo

Computer vision systems that are deployed in safety-critical applications need to quantify their output uncertainty. We study regression from images to parameter values and here it is common to detect uncertainty by predicting probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Ziliang Xiong , Arvi Jonnarth , Abdelrahman Eldesokey , Joakim Johnander , Bastian Wandt , Per-Erik Forssen

Real-time estimation of actual object depth is an essential module for various autonomous system tasks such as 3D reconstruction, scene understanding and condition assessment. During the last decade of machine learning, extensive deployment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Christoph Angermann , Matthias Schwab , Markus Haltmeier , Christian Laubichler , Steinbjörn Jónsson

Nighttime stereo depth estimation is still challenging, as assumptions associated with daytime lighting conditions do not hold any longer. Nighttime is not only about low-light and dense noise, but also about glow/glare, flares, non-uniform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Aashish Sharma , Lionel Heng , Loong-Fah Cheong , Robby T. Tan

We consider machine learning, particularly regression, using locally-differentially private datasets. The Wasserstein distance is used to define an ambiguity set centered at the empirical distribution of the dataset corrupted by local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Farhad Farokhi

Deep neural networks have shown exceptional learning capability and generalizability in the source domain when massive labeled data is provided. However, the well-trained models often fail in the target domain due to the domain shift.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Chenyu You , Junlin Yang , Julius Chapiro , James S. Duncan

Unsupervised stereo matching has garnered significant attention for its independence from costly disparity annotations. Typical unsupervised methods rely on the multi-view consistency assumption for training networks, which suffer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Chuang-Wei Liu , Mingjian Sun , Cairong Zhao , Hanli Wang , Alexander Dvorkovich , Rui Fan

Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization (WDRO) strengthens statistical learning under model uncertainty by minimizing the local worst-case risk within a prescribed ambiguity set. Although WDRO has been extensively studied in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-12 Changyu Liu , Yuling Jiao , Junhui Wang , Jian Huang

Monocular 3D object detection poses a significant challenge due to the lack of depth information in RGB images. Many existing methods strive to enhance the object depth estimation performance by allocating additional parameters for object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Wonhyeok Choi , Mingyu Shin , Sunghoon Im

The Sliced-Wasserstein distance (SW) is being increasingly used in machine learning applications as an alternative to the Wasserstein distance and offers significant computational and statistical benefits. Since it is defined as an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-05 Kimia Nadjahi , Alain Durmus , Pierre E. Jacob , Roland Badeau , Umut Şimşekli

Safe autonomous driving requires reliable 3D object detection-determining the 6 DoF pose and dimensions of objects of interest. Using stereo cameras to solve this task is a cost-effective alternative to the widely used LiDAR sensor. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Alex D. Pon , Jason Ku , Chengyao Li , Steven L. Waslander