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We establish new non-uniqueness results for the forced inviscid surface quasi-geostrophic equation, via an alternating formulation of convex integration techniques. Our results imply non-uniquenesss in the class of weak solutions with…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-10-20 Aynur Bulut , Manh Khang Huynh , Stan Palasek

We prove non-uniqueness of weak solutions to the forced $\alpha$-SQG equation with Sobolev regularity $W^{s,p}$ in the supercritical regime $s < \alpha + \frac{2}{p}$, covering the 2D Euler equation ($\alpha = 0$), the Surface…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-02-17 Ángel Castro , Daniel Faraco , Francisco Mengual , Marcos Solera

We prove that weak solutions of the inviscid SQG equations are not unique, thereby answering Open Problem 11 in the survey arXiv:1111.2700 by De Lellis and Sz\'ekelyhidi Jr. Moreover, we also show that weak solutions of the dissipative SQG…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-10-04 Tristan Buckmaster , Steve Shkoller , Vlad Vicol

We show the existence of non-unique stationary weak solutions for forced surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equation via a convex integration scheme. The scheme is implemented for the sum-difference system of two distinct solutions. Through…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-02-08 Mimi Dai , Qirui Peng

We construct non-trivial weak solutions $\theta\in C_t^0C_x^{0-}$ to the surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equations, which have compact support in time and, thus, violate the conservation of the Hamiltonian. The result is sharp in view of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-07-04 Mimi Dai , Vikram Giri , Razvan-Octavian Radu

We prove the existence of global $L^2$ weak solutions for a family of generalized inviscid surface-quasi geostrophic (SQG) equations in bounded domains of the plane. In these equations, the active scalar is transported by a velocity field…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-03-16 Huy Quang Nguyen

We construct non-unique weak solutions $\theta\in C_t^0C_x^{0-}$ for forced surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equation. This is achieved through a convex integration scheme adapted to the sum-difference system of two distinct solutions.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-10-23 Mimi Dai , Qirui Peng

We study the two-dimensional surface quasi-geostrophic equation. Motivated by the uniqueness for the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, we demonstrate that the uniqueness of the mild solution of the two-dimensional…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-12-25 Tsukasa Iwabuchi , Ryoma Ueda

In this article, we study the critical dissipative surface quasi-geostrophic equation (SQG) in $ \mathbb{R}^2$. Motivated by the study of the homogeneous statistical solutions of this equation, we show that for any large initial data…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-06-11 Omar Lazar

In this paper we construct a large class of non-trivial (non-radial) self-similar solutions of the generalized surface quasi-geostrophic equation (gSQG). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first rigorous construction of any…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-07-26 Claudia García , Javier Gómez-Serrano

We study the Cauchy problem for the surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equations in a two-dimensional bounded domain with the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. We establish the unique existence of strong solutions in the critical Besov…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Tsukasa Iwabuchi

We consider a nonlinear, spatially-nonlocal initial value problem in one space dimension on $\mathbb{R}$ that describes the motion of surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) fronts. We prove that the initial value problem has a unique local smooth…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-03-09 John K. Hunter , Jingyang Shu , Qingtian Zhang

This paper investigates time-periodic solutions of both the surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equation and its generalized form (gSQG) within the more singular regime, focusing on the evolution of patch-type structures. Assuming the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Edison Cuba , Lucas C. F. Ferreira

We show the existence of nontrivial stationary weak solutions to the surface quasi-geostrophic equations on the two dimensional periodic torus.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-12-01 Xinyu Cheng , Hyunju Kwon , Dong Li

We consider the 3D or 2D primitive equations for oceans and atmosphere in the isothermal setting. In this paper, we establish a new conditional uniqueness result for weak solutions to the primitive equations, that is, if a weak solution…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-09-08 Tim Binz , Yoshiki Iida

We introduce and analyze a class of Surface Quasi-Geostrophic (SQG) equations in the presence of moving rigid obstacles. The model is motivated both by vortex-wave type asymptotics for singular structures in active scalar equations and by…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Ludovic Godard-Cadillac , Arnab Roy

We construct solutions in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with finite energy of the surface quasi-geostrophic equations (SQG) that initially are in $C^k$ ($k\geq 2$) but that are not in $C^{k}$ for $t>0$. We prove a similar result also for $H^{s}$ in the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-05-03 Diego Córdoba , Luis Martínez-Zoroa

This paper is about the evolution of a temperature front governed by the Surface quasi-geostrophic equation. The existence part of that program within the scale of Sobolev spaces was obtained by one of the authors [10]. Here we revisit that…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-05-31 Antonio Córdoba , Diego Córdoba , Francisco Gancedo

In this paper, we show the existence of the first non trivial family of classical global solutions of the inviscid surface quasi-geostrophic equation.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-04-29 Angel Castro , Diego Córdoba , Javier Gómez-Serrano

In this article we consider the low regularity well-posedness of the surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) front equation. Recent work on other quasilinear models, including the gravity water waves system and nonlinear waves, have demonstrated…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-11-09 Albert Ai , Ovidiu-Neculai Avadanei
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