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In this paper, we focus on addressing the challenges of detecting malicious attacks in networks by designing an advanced Explainable Intrusion Detection System (xIDS). The existing machine learning and deep learning approaches have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Muhammad Adil , Mian Ahmad Jan , Safayat Bin Hakim , Houbing Herbert Song , Zhanpeng Jin

Interpretable and explainable machine learning has seen a recent surge of interest. We focus on safety as a key motivation behind the surge and make the relationship between interpretability and safety more quantitative. Toward assessing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Dennis Wei , Rahul Nair , Amit Dhurandhar , Kush R. Varshney , Elizabeth M. Daly , Moninder Singh

In the era of increasing concerns over cybersecurity threats, defending against backdoor attacks is paramount in ensuring the integrity and reliability of machine learning models. However, many existing approaches require substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Kealan Dunnett , Reza Arablouei , Dimity Miller , Volkan Dedeoglu , Raja Jurdak

Neural networks are vulnerable to backdoor poisoning attacks, where the attackers maliciously poison the training set and insert triggers into the test input to change the prediction of the victim model. Existing defenses for backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yuhao Zhang , Aws Albarghouthi , Loris D'Antoni

Machine Learning (ML) has become pervasive, and its deployment in Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) is inevitable due to its automated nature and high accuracy compared to traditional models in processing and classifying large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Mohamed elShehaby , Ashraf Matrawy

Tree ensembles are very popular machine learning models, known for their effectiveness in supervised classification and regression tasks. Their performance derives from aggregating predictions of multiple decision trees, which are renowned…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Lorenzo Bonasera , Emilio Carrizosa

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly adopted as tool-using agents that can plan, observe their environment, and take actions over extended time periods. This evolution challenges current evaluation practices where the AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Simone Aonzo , Merve Sahin , Aurélien Francillon , Daniele Perito

Despite all the advantages associated with Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) that utilize machine learning (ML) models, there is a significant reluctance among cyber security experts to implement these models in real-world…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ayush Kumar , Kar Wai Fok , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

A decision tree is an easy-to-understand tool that has been widely used for classification tasks. On the one hand, due to privacy concerns, there has been an urgent need to create privacy-preserving classifiers that conceal the user's input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Andrew Quijano , Spyros T. Halkidis , Kevin Gallagher , Kemal Akkaya , Nikolaos Samaras

Magecart skimming attacks have emerged as a significant threat to client-side security and user trust in online payment systems. This paper addresses the challenge of achieving robust and explainable detection of Magecart attacks through a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Pedro Pereira , José Gouveia , João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

The decision tree is one of the most popular and classical machine learning models from the 1980s. However, in many practical applications, decision trees tend to generate decision paths with excessive depth. Long decision paths often cause…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Jialu Zhang , Yitan Wang , Mark Santolucito , Ruzica Piskac

Machine learning models are known to be vulnerable to adversarial evasion attacks as illustrated by image classification models. Thoroughly understanding such attacks is critical in order to ensure the safety and robustness of critical AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Kevin Eykholt , Taesung Lee , Douglas Schales , Jiyong Jang , Ian Molloy , Masha Zorin

The merits of machine learning in information security have primarily focused on bolstering defenses. However, machine learning (ML) techniques are not reserved for organizations with deep pockets and massive data repositories; the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Will Pearce , Nick Landers , Nancy Fulda

As advances in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) demonstrate unprecedented levels of performance in many critical applications, their vulnerability to attacks is still an open question. We consider evasion attacks at testing time against Deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Alesia Chernikova , Alina Oprea

Currently, various uncertainty quantification methods have been proposed to provide certainty and probability estimates for deep learning models' label predictions. Meanwhile, with the growing demand for the right to be forgotten, machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Wei Qian , Chenxu Zhao , Yangyi Li , Wenqian Ye , Mengdi Huai

Malicious software is an integral part of cybercrime defense. Due to the growing number of malicious attacks and their target sources, detecting and preventing the attack becomes more challenging due to the assault's changing behavior. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Mohammad Aziz , Ali Saeed Alfoudi

In this paper, a new learning algorithm for adaptive network intrusion detection using naive Bayesian classifier and decision tree is presented, which performs balance detections and keeps false positives at acceptable level for different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-07-15 Dewan Md. Farid , Nouria Harbi , Mohammad Zahidur Rahman

Decision tree learning is a widely used approach in machine learning, favoured in applications that require concise and interpretable models. Heuristic methods are traditionally used to quickly produce models with reasonably high accuracy.…

Machine learning has witnessed tremendous growth in its adoption and advancement in the last decade. The evolution of machine learning from traditional algorithms to modern deep learning architectures has shaped the way today's technology…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam

As these attacks become more and more difficult to see, the need for the great hi-tech models that detect them is undeniable. This paper examines and compares various machine learning as well as deep learning models to choose the most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Momen Hesham , Mohamed Essam , Mohamed Bahaa , Ahmed Mohamed , Mohamed Gomaa , Mena Hany , Wael Elsersy