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Despite conflicting definitions and conceptions of fairness, AI fairness researchers broadly agree that fairness is context-specific. However, when faced with general-purpose AI, which by definition serves a range of contexts, how should we…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Vyoma Raman , Judy Hanwen Shen , Andy K. Zhang , Lindsey Gailmard , Rishi Bommasani , Daniel E. Ho , Angelina Wang

Benchmarking competitions are central to the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging, defining performance standards and shaping methodological progress. However, it remains unclear whether these benchmarks provide…

Recent progress in Game AI has demonstrated that given enough data from human gameplay, or experience gained via simulations, machines can rival or surpass the most skilled human players in classic games such as Go, or commercial computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-28 James Goodman , Sebastian Risi , Simon Lucas

Existing reasoning evaluation paradigms suffer from different limitations: fixed benchmarks are increasingly saturated and vulnerable to contamination, while preference-based evaluations rely on subjective judgments. We argue that a core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Baoqing Yue , Zihan Zhu , Yutong Han , Brian Fan , Qian Sun , Jichen Feng , Hufei Yang , Yifan Zhang , Mengdi Wang

In this article, we review recent Deep Learning advances in the context of how they have been applied to play different types of video games such as first-person shooters, arcade games, and real-time strategy games. We analyze the unique…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Niels Justesen , Philip Bontrager , Julian Togelius , Sebastian Risi

Letting AI agents interact in multi-agent applications adds a layer of complexity to the interpretability and prediction of AI outcomes, with profound implications for their trustworthy adoption in research and society. Game theory offers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Alessio Buscemi , Daniele Proverbio , Alessandro Di Stefano , The-Anh Han , German Castignani , Pietro Liò

Evaluation is no longer a final checkpoint in the machine learning lifecycle. As AI systems evolve from static models to compound, tool-using agents, evaluation becomes a core control function. The question is no longer "How good is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Ali El Filali , Inès Bedar

There is general agreement that some form of regulation is necessary both for AI creators to be incentivised to develop trustworthy systems, and for users to actually trust those systems. But there is much debate about what form these…

The benchmarks used to evaluate AI agents in security-critical roles suffer from crucial weaknesses. Building on recent empirical evidence, we characterize three core challenges that undermine security evaluations: benchmark…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sahar Abdelnabi , Chris Hicks , Konrad Rieck , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Game AI competitions are important to foster research and development on Game AI and AI in general. These competitions supply different challenging problems that can be translated into other contexts, virtual or real. They provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Ana Salta , Rui Prada , Francisco S. Melo

Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms are increasingly providing decision making and operational support across multiple domains. AI includes a wide library of algorithms for different problems. One important notion for the adoption of AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Feras A. Batarseh , Laura Freeman

Over the past decade, policymakers have developed a set of regulatory tools to ensure AI development aligns with key societal goals. Many of these tools were initially developed in response to concerns with task-specific AI and therefore…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jennifer Wang , Andrew Selbst , Solon Barocas , Suresh Venkatasubramanian

General Video Game Playing (GVGP) aims at designing an agent that is capable of playing multiple video games with no human intervention. In 2014, The General Video Game AI (GVGAI) competition framework was created and released with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Diego Perez-Liebana , Jialin Liu , Ahmed Khalifa , Raluca D. Gaina , Julian Togelius , Simon M. Lucas

Achieving human-AI alignment in complex multi-agent games is crucial for creating trustworthy AI agents that enhance gameplay. We propose a method to evaluate this alignment using an interpretable task-sets framework, focusing on high-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Sugandha Sharma , Guy Davidson , Khimya Khetarpal , Anssi Kanervisto , Udit Arora , Katja Hofmann , Ida Momennejad

Artificial Intelligence (AI) benchmarks play a central role in measuring progress in model development and guiding deployment decisions. However, many benchmarks quickly become saturated, meaning that they can no longer differentiate…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made impressive progress in recent years and represents a key technology that has a crucial impact on the economy and society. However, it is clear that AI and business models based on it can only reach…

Existing approaches to algorithmic fairness aim to ensure equitable outcomes if human decision-makers comply perfectly with algorithmic decisions. However, perfect compliance with the algorithm is rarely a reality or even a desirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haosen Ge , Hamsa Bastani , Osbert Bastani

Benchmarks are crucial to measuring and steering progress in artificial intelligence (AI). However, recent studies raised concerns over the state of AI benchmarking, reporting issues such as benchmark overfitting, benchmark saturation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Simon Ott , Adriano Barbosa-Silva , Kathrin Blagec , Jan Brauner , Matthias Samwald

As artificial intelligence programs have become more powerful, their capacity for problem-solving continues to increase, approaching top-level competitors in many olympiads. Continued development of models and benchmarks is important but…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Samuel Ren

An increasing number of decisions regarding the daily lives of human beings are being controlled by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in spheres ranging from healthcare, transportation, and education to college admissions,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Dana Pessach , Erez Shmueli