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Query expansion with pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) is a powerful approach to enhance the effectiveness in information retrieval. Recently, with the rapid advance of deep learning techniques, neural text generation has achieved promising…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Minghui Huang , Dong Wang , Shuang Liu , Meizhen Ding

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) excel in modeling complex language patterns but face significant computational costs during inference, especially with long inputs due to the attention mechanism's memory overhead. We observe…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ruiqing Yan , Linghan Zheng , Xingbo Du , Han Zou , Yufeng Guo , Jianfei Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs), powered by Transformers, have demonstrated human-like intelligence capabilities, yet their underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This paper presents a novel framework for interpreting LLMs as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Phill Kyu Rhee

Initially developed for natural language processing (NLP), Transformers are now widely used for source code processing, due to the format similarity between source code and text. In contrast to natural language, source code is strictly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Nadezhda Chirkova , Sergey Troshin

Pairing a lexical retriever with a neural re-ranking model has set state-of-the-art performance on large-scale information retrieval datasets. This pipeline covers scenarios like question answering or navigational queries, however, for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Tim Baumgärtner , Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro , Nils Reimers , Iryna Gurevych

Transformer model has been widely used on machine translation tasks and obtained state-of-the-art results. In this paper, we report an interesting phenomenon in its encoder-decoder multi-head attention: different attention heads of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Zewei Sun , Shujian Huang , Hao-Ran Wei , Xin-yu Dai , Jiajun Chen

Transformers have been successfully applied to sequential, auto-regressive tasks despite being feedforward networks. Unlike recurrent neural networks, Transformers use attention to capture temporal relations while processing input tokens in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Angela Fan , Thibaut Lavril , Edouard Grave , Armand Joulin , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

Code generation with large language models (LLMs), often termed vibe coding, is increasingly adopted in production but fails to ensure code quality, particularly in security (e.g., SQL injection vulnerabilities) and maintainability (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Feng Yao , Zilong Wang , Liyuan Liu , Junxia Cui , Li Zhong , Xiaohan Fu , Haohui Mai , Vish Krishnan , Jianfeng Gao , Jingbo Shang

The Transformer architecture and transfer learning have marked a quantum leap in natural language processing, improving the state of the art across a range of text-based tasks. This paper examines how these advancements can be applied to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Pasquale Salza , Christoph Schwizer , Jian Gu , Harald C. Gall

Recurrent Neural Networks have long been the dominating choice for sequence modeling. However, it severely suffers from two issues: impotent in capturing very long-term dependencies and unable to parallelize the sequential computation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Zhiwei Wang , Yao Ma , Zitao Liu , Jiliang Tang

Retrieval-augmented code generation utilizes Large Language Models as the generator and significantly expands their code generation capabilities by providing relevant code, documentation, and more via the retriever. The current approach…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Xinyu Gao , Yun Xiong , Deze Wang , Zhenhan Guan , Zejian Shi , Haofen Wang , Shanshan Li

Performing automatic reformulations of a user's query is a popular paradigm used in information retrieval (IR) for improving effectiveness -- as exemplified by the pseudo-relevance feedback approaches, which expand the query in order to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Xiao Wang , Sean MacAvaney , Craig Macdonald , Iadh Ounis

This paper presents a novel method for user interface (UI) generation based on the Transformer architecture, addressing the increasing demand for efficient and aesthetically pleasing UI designs in software development. Traditional UI design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Shiyu Duan , Runsheng Zhang , Mengmeng Chen , Ziyi Wang , Shixiao Wang

Although neural machine translation with the encoder-decoder framework has achieved great success recently, it still suffers drawbacks of forgetting distant information, which is an inherent disadvantage of recurrent neural network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Wen Zhang , Jiawei Hu , Yang Feng , Qun Liu

Encoder-decoder architecture is widely adopted for sequence-to-sequence modeling tasks. For machine translation, despite the evolution from long short-term memory networks to Transformer networks, plus the introduction and development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Yingbo Gao , Christian Herold , Zijian Yang , Hermann Ney

Mechanistic interpretation has greatly contributed to a more detailed understanding of generative language models, enabling significant progress in identifying structures that implement key behaviors through interactions between internal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Meng Lu , Catherine Chen , Carsten Eickhoff

This document provides a brief introduction to the attention mechanism used in modern language models based on the Transformer architecture. We first illustrate how text is encoded as vectors and how the attention mechanism processes these…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Michel Fabrice Serret

Depth completion aims to predict dense depth maps with sparse depth measurements from a depth sensor. Currently, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based models are the most popular methods applied to depth completion tasks. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Jian Qian , Miao Sun , Ashley Lee , Jie Li , Shenglong Zhuo , Patrick Yin Chiang

The large transformer-based language models demonstrate excellent performance in natural language processing. By considering the transferability of the knowledge gained by these models in one domain to other related domains, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Chandra Thapa , Seung Ick Jang , Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Seyit Camtepe , Josef Pieprzyk , Surya Nepal

Deep Learning architectures, and in particular Transformers, are conventionally viewed as a composition of layers. These layers are actually often obtained as the sum of two contributions: a residual path that copies the input and the…