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In this paper we propose a framework for assessing the risk associated with deploying a machine learning model in a specified environment. For that we carry over the risk definition from decision theory to machine learning. We develop and…

Accurately assessing software vulnerabilities is essential for effective prioritization and remediation. While various scoring systems exist to support this task, their differing goals, methodologies and outputs often lead to inconsistent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Viktoria Koscinski , Mark Nelson , Ahmet Okutan , Robert Falso , Mehdi Mirakhorli

We introduce a class of proper scoring rules for evaluating spatial point process forecasts based on summary statistics. These scoring rules rely on Monte-Carlo approximations of expectations and can therefore easily be evaluated for any…

In this article, we consider models for time-to-event data obtained from experiments in which stress levels are altered at intermediate stages during the observation period. These experiments, known as step-stress tests, belong to the…

Applications · Statistics 2018-07-04 Nandini Kannan , Debasis Kundu

We intend to create a new risk assessment methodology that combines the best characteristics of both risk score and machine learning models. More specifically, we aim to develop a method that, besides having a good performance, offers a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Francisco Valente , Jorge Henriques , Simão Paredes , Teresa Rocha , Paulo de Carvalho , João Morais

Analytical, free of time consuming Monte Carlo simulations, framework for credit portfolio systematic risk metrics calculations is presented. Techniques are described that allow calculation of portfolio-level systematic risk measures…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2010-08-02 Mikhail Voropaev

When planning to change operations at ports there are two key stake holders with very different interests involved in the decision making processes. Port operators are attentive to their standards, a smooth service flow and economic…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2013-07-03 Peer-Olaf Siebers , Galina Sherman , Uwe Aickelin , David Menachof

Basic propensity score methodology is designed to balance multivariate pre-treatment covariates when comparing one active treatment with one control treatment. Practical settings often involve comparing more than two treatments, where more…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-09 Shasha Han , Donald Rubin

We analyze different types of simulations that applied researchers can use to assess whether their inference methods reliably control false-positive rates. We show that different assessments involve trade-offs, varying in the types of…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-03 Bruno Ferman

Market regime shifts induce distribution shifts that can degrade the performance of portfolio rebalancing policies. We propose macro-conditioned scenario-context rollout (SCR) that generates plausible next-day multivariate return scenarios…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Vanya Priscillia Bendatu , Yao Lu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly trained from AI constitutions and model specifications that establish behavioral guidelines and ethical principles. However, these specifications face critical challenges, including internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jifan Zhang , Henry Sleight , Andi Peng , John Schulman , Esin Durmus

We define scenarios, propose different methods of aggregating them, discuss their properties and benchmark them against quadrant requirements.

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2012-09-05 Andreas Haier , Thorsten Pfeiffer

We provide a new dynamic approach to scenario generation for the purposes of risk management in the banking industry. We connect ideas from conventional techniques -- like historical and Monte Carlo simulation -- and we come up with a…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2009-08-19 Juan-Pablo Ortega , Rainer Pullirsch , Josef Teichmann , Julian Wergieluk

We consider evaluation methods for payoffs with an inherent financial risk as encountered for instance for portfolios held by pension funds and insurance companies. Pricing such payoffs in a way consistent to market prices typically…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2014-04-04 Mitja Stadje , Antoon Pelsser

When training a predictive model over medical data, the goal is sometimes to gain insights about a certain disease. In such cases, it is common to use feature importance as a tool to highlight significant factors contributing to that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Amnon Catav , Boyang Fu , Jason Ernst , Sriram Sankararaman , Ran Gilad-Bachrach

Neural Posterior Estimation methods for simulation-based inference can be ill-suited for dealing with posterior distributions obtained by conditioning on multiple observations, as they tend to require a large number of simulator calls to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Tomas Geffner , George Papamakarios , Andriy Mnih

A formalized and quantifiable responsibility score is a crucial component in many aspects of the development and application of multi-agent systems and autonomous agents. We can employ it to inform decision making processes based on ethical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Sarah Hiller , Jonas Israel , Jobst Heitzig

The aim of this study is to determine the perceived stress levels of 150 individuals and analyze the responses given to adapted questions in Turkish using machine learning. The test consists of 14 questions, each scored on a scale of 0 to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Toygar Tanyel

Recent work on algorithmic fairness has largely focused on the fairness of discrete decisions, or classifications. While such decisions are often based on risk score models, the fairness of the risk models themselves has received…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Eike Petersen , Melanie Ganz , Sune Hannibal Holm , Aasa Feragen

This paper proposes a Conditional Method Confidence Set (CMCS) which allows to select the best subset of forecasting methods with equal predictive ability conditional on a specific economic regime. The test resembles the Model Confidence…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-28 Lukas Bauer , Ekaterina Kazak