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The degree-$d$ Chow parameters of a Boolean function $f: \{-1,1\}^n \to \mathbb{R}$ are its degree at most $d$ Fourier coefficients. It is well-known that degree-$d$ Chow parameters uniquely characterize degree-$d$ polynomial threshold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane

The approximate degree of a Boolean function $f(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{n})$ is the minimum degree of a real polynomial that approximates $f$ pointwise within $1/3$. Upper bounds on approximate degree have a variety of applications in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Alexander A. Sherstov

We provide two sufficient and necessary conditions to characterize any $n$-bit partial Boolean function with exact quantum 1-query complexity. Using the first characterization, we present all $n$-bit partial Boolean functions that depend on…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Guoliang Xu , Daowen Qiu

Chang's lemma (Duke Mathematical Journal, 2002) is a classical result with applications across several areas in mathematics and computer science. For a Boolean function $f$ that takes values in {-1,1} let $r(f)$ denote its Fourier rank. For…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Sourav Chakraborty , Nikhil S. Mande , Rajat Mittal , Tulasimohan Molli , Manaswi Paraashar , Swagato Sanyal

Let $F$ be a vectorial Boolean function from $\mathbb{F}_2^n$ to $\mathbb{F}_2^m$, with $m \geq n$. We define $F$ as an embedding if $F$ is injective. In this paper, we examine the component functions of $F$, focusing on constant and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Augustine Musukwa , Massimiliano Sala

We study the relationship between two measures of Boolean functions; \emph{algebraic thickness} and \emph{normality}. For a function $f$, the algebraic thickness is a variant of the \emph{sparsity}, the number of nonzero coefficients in the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-09-22 Joan Boyar , Magnus Gausdal Find

A classical result of Rothschild and van Lint asserts that if every non-zero Fourier coefficient of a Boolean function $f$ over $\mathbb{F}_2^{n}$ has the same absolute value, namely $|\hat{f}(\alpha)|=1/2^k$ for every $\alpha$ in the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Ning Xie , Shuai Xu , Yekun Xu

We associate to each Boolean function a polynomial whose evaluations represents the distances from all possible Boolean affine functions. Both determining the coefficients of this polynomial from the truth table of the Boolean function and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-11 Emanuele Bellini

We determine a connection between the weight of a Boolean function and the total weight of its first-order derivatives. The relationship established is used to study some cryptographic properties of Boolean functions. We establish a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Augustine Musukwa

In this work, we consider a new type of Fourier-like representation of Boolean function $f\colon\{+1,-1\}^n\to\{+1,-1\}$ \[ f(x) = \cos\left(\pi\sum_{S\subseteq[n]}\phi_S \prod_{i\in S} x_i\right). \] This representation, which we call the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Ryuhei Mori

We introduce partial differential encodings of Boolean functions as a way of measuring the complexity of Boolean functions. These encodings enable us to derive from group actions non-trivial bounds on the Chow-Rank of polynomials used to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Edinah K. Gnang , Rongyu Xu

Let $\mathsf{TH}_k$ denote the $k$-out-of-$n$ threshold function: given $n$ input Boolean variables, the output is $1$ if and only if at least $k$ of the inputs are $1$. We consider the problem of computing the $\mathsf{TH}_k$ function…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ziao Wang , Nadim Ghaddar , Banghua Zhu , Lele Wang

We study the $\textit{average-case deterministic query complexity}$ of boolean functions under a $\textit{uniform input distribution}$, denoted by $\mathrm{D}_\mathrm{ave}(f)$, the minimum average depth of zero-error decision trees that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuan Li , Haowei Wu , Yi Yang

We prove that Boolean functions on $S_n$, whose Fourier transform is highly concentrated on irreducible representations indexed by partitions of $n$ whose largest part has size at least $n-t$, are close to being unions of cosets of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-30 David Ellis , Yuval Filmus , Ehud Friedgut

We study whether a uniformly random Boolean function $f : \{-1,1\}^p \to \{-1,1\}$ is determined by its Walsh--Fourier coefficients of degree at most $d$. We show that the threshold lies at $p/2$ up to an $O(\sqrt{p \log p})$ window: if \[…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-16 Yiming Chen

Bent functions, which are maximally nonlinear Boolean functions with even numbers of variables and whose Hamming distance to the set of all affine functions equals $2^{n-1}\pm 2^{\frac{n}{2}-1}$, were introduced by Rothaus in 1976 when he…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-08 Chunming Tang , Yanfeng Qi , Maozhi Xu , Baocheng Wang , Yixian Yang

Representations of Boolean functions by real polynomials play an important role in complexity theory. Typically, one is interested in the least degree of a polynomial p(x_1,...,x_n) that approximates or sign-represents a given Boolean…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-05-15 Alexander A. Sherstov

The largest Hamming distance between a Boolean function in $n$ variables and the set of all affine Boolean functions in $n$ variables is known as the covering radius $\rho_n$ of the $[2^n,n+1]$ Reed-Muller code. This number determines how…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-23 Kai-Uwe Schmidt

An extremal point of a positive threshold Boolean function $f$ is either a maximal zero or a minimal one. It is known that if $f$ depends on all its variables, then the set of its extremal points completely specifies $f$ within the universe…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-07 Vadim Lozin , Igor Razgon , Viktor Zamaraev , Elena Zamaraeva , Nikolai Yu. Zolotykh

We suggest an upper bound on binomial coefficients that holds over the entire parameter range and whose form repeats the form of the de Moivre-Laplace approximation of the symmetric binomial distribution. Using the bound, we estimate the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-17 Sergey Agievich