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In quantum theory general measurements are described by so-called Positive Operator-Valued Measures (POVMs). We show that in $d$-dimensional quantum systems an application of depolarizing noise with constant (independent of $d$) visibility…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-17 Michał Kotowski , Michał Oszmaniec

In this paper we prove two results related to the Gaussian optimizers conjecture for multimode bosonic system with gauge symmetry. First, we argue that the classical capacity of a Gaussian observable is attained on a Gaussian ensemble of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-31 A. S. Holevo

We introduce the Gaussian quantum operator representation, using the most general multi-mode Gaussian operator basis. The representation unifies and substantially extends existing phase-space representations of density matrices for Bose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Joel F. Corney , Peter D. Drummond

Gaussian states, operations, and measurements are central building blocks for continuous-variable quantum information processing which paves the way for abundant applications, especially including network-based quantum computation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-06 Mengzhen Zhang

We provide a definition of POVM in terms of abstract tensor structure only. It is justified in two distinct manners. i. At this abstract level we are still able to prove Naimark's theorem, hence establishing a bijective correspondence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bob Coecke , Eric Oliver Paquette

The paper argues that far from challenging - or even refuting - Bohm's quantum theory, the no-hidden-variables theorems in fact support the Bohmian ontology for quantum mechanics. The reason is that (i) all measurements come down to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Dustin Lazarovici , Andrea Oldofredi , Michael A. Esfeld

In many a traditional physics textbook, a quantum measurement is defined as a projective measurement represented by a Hermitian operator. In quantum information theory, however, the concept of a measurement is dealt with in complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-06 Ravi Kunjwal , Chris Heunen , Tobias Fritz

Full reconstruction of quantum states from measurement samples is often a prohibitively complex task, both in terms of the experimental setup and the scaling of the sample size with the system. This motivates the relatively easier task of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Clara Wassner , Jack Davis , Sacha Cerf , Ulysse Chabaud , Francesco Arzani

We prove a structure theorem for multiplicative functions on the Gaussian integers, showing that every bounded multiplicative function on the Gaussian integers can be decomposed into a term which is approximately periodic and another which…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-04 Wenbo Sun

Generalised observables (POM observables) are necessary for representing all possible measurements on a quantum system. Useful algebraic operations such as addition and multiplication are defined for these observables, recovering many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Michael J. W. Hall

In this paper, we present a collection of results on the observability of quantum mechanical systems, in the case the output is the result of a discrete nonselective measurement. By defining an effective observable we extend previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. D'Alessandro , R. Romano

Any method for estimating the ensemble average of arbitrary operator (observables or not, including the density matrix) relates the quantity of interest to a complete set of observables, i.e. a quorum}. This corresponds to an expansion on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 G. Mauro D'Ariano , Lorenzo Maccone , Matteo G. A. Paris

An observable on a quantum structure is any $\sigma$-homomorphism of quantum structures from the Borel $\sigma$-algebra into the quantum structure. We show that our partial information on an observable known only for all intervals of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-05-01 Anatolij Dvurečenskij , Mária Kuková

This paper considers a generalization of the notion of quantum observables in ontological models of quantum mechanics. Within this framework it is possible to construct physical models where quantum noncommutativity can arise dynamically.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-12-12 Tung Ten Yong

We quantify the intrinsic noise content of an observable in a general probabilistic theory and derive a noise content inequality for incompatible observables. We apply the derived inequality to standard quantum theory, the quantum theory of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-29 Sergey Filippov , Teiko Heinosaari , Leevi Leppäjärvi

Using a recent result of Albini et al. to represent quantum homodyne tomography in terms of a single observable (as a normalized positive operator measure) we construct a generalized Markov kernel which transforms (the measurement outcome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Pekka Lahti , Juha-Pekka Pellonpää

A complete analysis of multi-mode bosonic Gaussian channels is proposed. We clarify the structure of unitary dilations of general Gaussian channels involving any number of bosonic modes and present a normal form. The maximum number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-17 F. Caruso , J. Eisert , V. Giovannetti , A. S. Holevo

Sub-Planck structures in non-Gaussian probability densities of phase space variables are pervasive in bosonic quantum systems. They are almost universally present if the bosonic system evolves via nonlinear dynamics or nonlinear…

We investigate the semigroup structure of bosonic Gaussian quantum channels. Particular focus lies on the sets of channels which are divisible, idempotent or Markovian (in the sense of either belonging to one-parameter semigroups or being…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-18 Teiko Heinosaari , Alexander S. Holevo , Michael M. Wolf

Measurement is of central interest in quantum mechanics as it provides the link between the quantum world and the world of everyday experience. One of the features of the latter is its robust, objective character, contrasting the delicate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-19 J. K. Korbicz , E. A. Aguilar , P. Ćwikliński , P. Horodecki
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