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Complementary-Label Learning (CLL) is a weakly-supervised learning problem that aims to learn a multi-class classifier from only complementary labels, which indicate a class to which an instance does not belong. Existing approaches mainly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Wei-I Lin , Hsuan-Tien Lin

For semi-supervised techniques to be applied safely in practice we at least want methods to outperform their supervised counterparts. We study this question for classification using the well-known quadratic surrogate loss function. Using a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-26 Jesse H. Krijthe , Marco Loog

We present a new flavor of Variational Autoencoder (VAE) that interpolates seamlessly between unsupervised, semi-supervised and fully supervised learning domains. We show that unlabeled datapoints not only boost unsupervised tasks, but also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Felix Berkhahn , Richard Keys , Wajih Ouertani , Nikhil Shetty , Dominik Geißler

A supervised learning framework has been proposed for the situation where each training data is provided with a complementary label that represents a class to which the pattern does not belong. In the existing literature,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Yasuhiro Katsura , Masato Uchida

Complementary-label learning (CLL) is widely used in weakly supervised classification, but it faces a significant challenge in real-world datasets when confronted with class-imbalanced training samples. In such scenarios, the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Meng Wei , Yong Zhou , Zhongnian Li , Xinzheng Xu

Machine learning classification models trained with empirical risk minimization (ERM) often inadvertently rely on spurious correlations. When absent in the test data, these unintended associations between non-target attributes and target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ihab Asaad , Maha Shadaydeh , Joachim Denzler

Consider a classification problem where we have both labeled and unlabeled data available. We show that for linear classifiers defined by convex margin-based surrogate losses that are decreasing, it is impossible to construct any…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-09 Jesse H. Krijthe , Marco Loog

We consider the linear regression problem under semi-supervised settings wherein the available data typically consists of: (i) a small or moderate sized 'labeled' data, and (ii) a much larger sized 'unlabeled' data. Such data arises…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-02 Abhishek Chakrabortty , Tianxi Cai

To scale optimization and simulation, prior work has explored training machine-learning surrogates that map problem parameters to solutions inexpensively at inference time. Unfortunately, commonly used approaches, including supervised and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Khai Nguyen , Petros Ellinas , Anvita Bhagavathula , Priya L. Donti

In various approaches to learning, notably in domain adaptation, active learning, learning under covariate shift, semi-supervised learning, learning with concept drift, and the like, one often wants to compare a baseline classifier to one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-14 Marco Loog , Jesse H. Krijthe , Are C. Jensen

We present a general methodology for using unlabeled data to design semi supervised learning (SSL) variants of the Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) learning process. Focusing on generalized linear regression, we analyze of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-08 Oren Yuval , Saharon Rosset

Weakly supervised learning has drawn considerable attention recently to reduce the expensive time and labor consumption of labeling massive data. In this paper, we investigate a novel weakly supervised learning problem of learning from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-16 Yuzhou Cao , Lei Feng , Yitian Xu , Bo An , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Semi-supervised learning faces significant challenges in realistic scenarios where labeled data is scarce and unlabeled data follows unknown, arbitrary distributions. We formalize this critical yet under-explored paradigm as Universal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yaxin Hou , Jun Ma , Hanyang Li , Bo Han , Jie Yu , Yuheng Jia

We consider the problem of rank loss minimization in the setting of multilabel classification, which is usually tackled by means of convex surrogate losses defined on pairs of labels. Very recently, this approach was put into question by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Krzysztof Dembczynski , Wojciech Kotlowski , Eyke Huellermeier

To cope with high annotation costs, training a classifier only from weakly supervised data has attracted a great deal of attention these days. Among various approaches, strengthening supervision from completely unsupervised classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Nan Lu , Shida Lei , Gang Niu , Issei Sato , Masashi Sugiyama

Deep regression is an important problem with numerous applications. These range from computer vision tasks such as age estimation from photographs, to medical tasks such as ejection fraction estimation from echocardiograms for disease…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Weihang Dai , Xiaomeng Li , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Weakly supervised data are widespread and have attracted much attention. However, since label quality is often difficult to guarantee, sometimes the use of weakly supervised data will lead to unsatisfactory performance, i.e., performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li , Ming Li , Jin-Feng Yi , Bo-Wen Zhou , Zhi-Hua Zhou

We propose Active Surrogate Estimators (ASEs), a new method for label-efficient model evaluation. Evaluating model performance is a challenging and important problem when labels are expensive. ASEs address this active testing problem using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Jannik Kossen , Sebastian Farquhar , Yarin Gal , Tom Rainforth

Positive Unlabeled (PU) learning aims to learn a binary classifier from only positive and unlabeled data, which is utilized in many real-world scenarios. However, existing PU learning algorithms cannot deal with the real-world challenge in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Zhongnian Li , Liutao Yang , Zhongchen Ma , Tongfeng Sun , Xinzheng Xu , Daoqiang Zhang

Ensemble learning aims to improve generalization ability by using multiple base learners. It is well-known that to construct a good ensemble, the base learners should be accurate as well as diverse. In this paper, unlabeled data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-09-28 Min-Ling Zhang , Zhi-Hua Zhou