Related papers: Some considerations on Collatz conjecture
Coalescent theory is the study of random processes where particles may join each other to form clusters as time evolves. These notes provide an introduction to some aspects of the mathematics of coalescent processes and their applications…
We generalize the classical single-crossing property to single-crossing property on trees and obtain new ways to construct Condorcet domains which are sets of linear orders which possess the property that every profile composed from those…
In this paper we adopt a geometric point of view regarding a famous conjecture due to Littlewood in diophantine approximation of real numbers. Following the spirit of the geometric theory of continued fractions, we give a sufficient…
The notion of objective probability or chance, as a physical trait of the world, has proved elusive; the identification of chances with actual frequencies does not succeed. An adequate theory of chance should explain not only the connection…
We examine a logical foundation of depicting a Lorentz contraction of a Coulomb field (an electric field of a point charge in uniform motion) by means of the 'Lorentz contracted' field lines. Two existing arguments for a contraction of…
Convincing someone of the truth value of a premise requires understanding and articulating the core logical structure of the argument which proves or disproves the premise. Understanding the logical structure of an argument refers to…
We provide a simple proof for the union-closed sets conjecture, a long-standing open problem in set theory with immediate applications to graph theory, number theory, and order-theory.
The Collatz function is defined as C(n) = n / 2 if n is even and C(n) = 3n + 1 if n is odd. The Collatz conjecture states that every sequence generated by the Collatz function ends with the cycle (4, 2, 1) after a finite number of…
The papers mentioned in the bibliography lead to this new hypothesis which constitutes a wide panorama of the physical reality. Its coherence and its simplicity are virtues that make interesant to gaze upon it.
Knowing the truth is rarely enough -- we also seek out reasons why the fact is true. While much is known about how we explain contingent truths, we understand less about how we explain facts, such as those in mathematics, that are true as a…
The wave nature of the light, applied to the kinematics of the moving bodies, permits to investigate and find a coherent solution on some questions raised by the theory of special relativity about the Lorentz contraction.
We introduce the abstract notion of a chain, which is a sequence of $n$ points in the plane, ordered by $x$-coordinates, so that the edge between any two consecutive points is unavoidable as far as triangulations are concerned. A general…
This paper is an overview and survey of work on the 3x+1 problem, also called the Collatz problem, and generalizations of it. It gives a history of the problem. It addresses two questions: (1) What can mathematics currently say about this…
A class of subsets designated as very thin subsets of natural numbers has been studied and seen that theory of convergence may be rediscovered if very thin sets are given to play main role instead of thin or finite sets which removes some…
We deal with the monadic (second-order) theory of order. We prove all known results in a unified way, show a general way of reduction, prove more results and show the limitation on extending them. We prove (CH) that the monadic theory of…
In this paper we first prove that a simple root of a polynomial satisfies the Sendov's conjecture. As the multiple roots trivially satisfy the Sendov's conjecture we conclude that the Sendov's conjecture holds true.
Professor Cadogan at the University of the West Indies identified special starting points that yield long subsequences where the normalization constant, k, is always one. I studied these special sequences and found an implicit mixed integer…
The Collatz conjecture, also known as the 3n+1 problem, is one of the most popular open problems in number theory. In this note, an algorithm for the verification of the Collatz conjecture is presented that works on a standard PC for…
The Collatz Conjecture can be stated as: using the reduced Collatz function $C(n) = (3n+1)/2^x$ where $2^x$ is the largest power of 2 that divides $3n+1$, any odd integer $n$ will eventually reach 1 in $j$ iterations such that $C^j(n) = 1$.…
We study the model theoretic strength of various lattices that occur naturally in topology, like closed (semi-linear or semi-algebraic or convex) sets. The method is based on weak monadic second order logic and sharpens previous results by…