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Homomorphic encryption (HE) draws huge attention as it provides a way of privacy-preserving computations on encrypted messages. Number Theoretic Transform (NTT), a specialized form of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in the finite field of…

In the era of cloud computing, privacy-preserving computation offloading is crucial for safeguarding sensitive data. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables secure processing of encrypted data, but the inherent computational complexity…

Plaintext-ciphertext matrix multiplication (PC-MM) is an indispensable tool in privacy-preserving computations such as secure machine learning and encrypted signal processing. While there are many established algorithms for…

As quantum computing advances rapidly, guaranteeing the security of cryptographic protocols resistant to quantum attacks is paramount. Some leading candidate cryptosystems use the Learning with Errors (LWE) problem, attractive for its…

Secure aggregation is widely used in horizontal Federated Learning (FL), to prevent leakage of training data when model updates from data owners are aggregated. Secure aggregation protocols based on Homomorphic Encryption (HE) have been…

The requirement for privacy-aware machine learning increases as we continue to use PII (Personally Identifiable Information) within machine training. To overcome these privacy issues, we can apply Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) to…

This paper presents digital hardware for computing polynomial multiplication using Number Theoretic Transform (NTT), specifically designed for implementation on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Multiplying two large polynomials…

This paper presents TT-TFHE, a deep neural network Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) framework that effectively scales Torus FHE (TFHE) usage to tabular and image datasets using a recent family of convolutional neural networks called…

Homomorphic encryption (HE) and secret sharing (SS) enable computations on encrypted data, providing significant privacy benefits for large transformer-based models (TBM) in sensitive sectors like medicine and finance. However, private TBM…

One of the biggest concerns for many applications in cloud computing lies in data privacy. A potential solution to this problem is homomorphic encryption (HE), which supports certain operations directly over the ciphertexts. Conventional HE…

In this paper we show how fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) can be accelerated using a systolic architecture. We begin by analyzing FHE algorithms and then develop systolic or systolic-esque units for each major kernel. Connecting units is…

Non-uniform performance and power consumption across the processing elements (PEs) of heterogeneous SoCs increase the computation complexity of the task scheduling problem compared to homogeneous architectures. Latency of a software-based…

Secure computation is of critical importance to not only the DoD, but across financial institutions, healthcare, and anywhere personally identifiable information (PII) is accessed. Traditional security techniques require data to be…

In this paper, a secure Convolutional Neural Network classifier is proposed using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). The secure classifier provides a user with the ability to out-source the computations to a powerful cloud server and/or…

Machine learning (ML) systems that guarantee security and privacy often rely on Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) as a cornerstone technique, enabling computations on encrypted data without exposing sensitive information. However, a…

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) rely heavily on intensive matrix multiplications for attention and feed-forward layers, with the Q, K, and V linear projections in the Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHA) module constituting a…

Traditional Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) schemes often suffer from prohibitive computational overhead and complex noise management. In this paper, we propose a novel symmetric FHE through a mechanism of plaintext fragmentation and…

In a convolution neural network, a composition of linear scalar product, non-linear activation function and maximum pooling computations are intensively invoked. As such, to design and implement privacy-preserving, high efficiency machine…

The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is an indispensable tool for computing efficient polynomial multiplications in post-quantum lattice-based cryptography. It has strong resemblance with the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which is the most…

Machine Learning (ML) has become one of the most impactful fields of data science in recent years. However, a significant concern with ML is its privacy risks due to rising attacks against ML models. Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning…