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Current solar flare predictions often lack precise quantification of their reliability, resulting in frequent false alarms, particularly when dealing with datasets skewed towards extreme events. To improve the trustworthiness of space…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-10 Jinsu Hong , Chetraj Pandey , Berkay Aydin

Solar irradiance clustering can enhance solar power capacity planning and help improve forecasting models by identifying similar irradiance patterns influenced by seasonal and weather changes. In this study, we adopt an efficient two-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Roshni Agrawal , Sivakumar Subramanian , Venkataramana Runkana

The energy available in Micro Grid (MG) that is powered by solar energy is tightly related to the weather conditions in the moment of generation. Very short-term forecast of solar irradiance provides the MG with the capability of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-08 Guillermo Terrén-Serrano , Manel Martínez-Ramón

We propose a fully probabilistic prediction model for spatially aggregated solar photovoltaic (PV) power production at an hourly time scale with lead times up to several days using weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction systems…

Applications · Statistics 2019-03-05 Thordis Thorarinsdottir , Anders Løland , Alex Lenkoski

Weather forecasting traditionally relies on numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems that integrates global observational systems, data assimilation (DA), and forecasting models. Despite steady improvements in forecast accuracy over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xiuyu Sun , Xiaohui Zhong , Xiaoze Xu , Yuanqing Huang , Hao Li , J. David Neelin , Deliang Chen , Jie Feng , Wei Han , Libo Wu , Yuan Qi

To mitigate spoofing attacks targeting global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers, one promising method is to rely on alternative time sources, such as network-based synchronization, in order to detect clock offset discrepancies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-23 M. Spanghero , P. Papadimitratos

Estimation of the generated power of renewable energy resources is in general important for planning operations as well as demand balance and power quality. This paper addresses the problem of the estimation of the short-term (3-hour ahead)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-20 L. A. Dao , L. Ferrarini , D. La Carrubba

Kilometer-scale modeling of global atmosphere dynamics enables fine-grained weather forecasting and decreases the risk of disastrous weather and climate activity. Therefore, building a kilometer-scale global forecast model is a persistent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Tao Han , Song Guo , Fenghua Ling , Kang Chen , Junchao Gong , Jingjia Luo , Junxia Gu , Kan Dai , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai

Despite the advances in the field of solar energy, improvements of solar forecasting techniques, addressing the intermittent electricity production, remain essential for securing its future integration into a wider energy supply. A…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Quentin Paletta , Joan Lasenby

This communication is devoted to solar irradiance and irradiation short-term forecasts, which are useful for electricity production. Several different time series approaches are employed. Our results and the corresponding numerical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-09-29 Cédric Join , Cyril Voyant , Michel Fliess , Marc Muselli , Marie Laure Nivet , Christophe Paoli , Frédéric Chaxel

When cloud layers cover photovoltaic (PV) panels, the amount of power the panels produce fluctuates rapidly. Therefore, to maintain enough energy on a power grid to match demand, utilities companies rely on reserve power sources that…

Current operational air quality forecasts are computationally expensive, sensitive to errors in physics and emissions, and often neglect weather-related uncertainty. To address these limitations, we present AirFusion, a hybrid,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Ao Ding , Aoxing Zhang , Tzung-May Fu , Yuanlong Huang , Qianjie Chen , Yuyang Chen , Jiajia Mo , Wei Tao , Wai-Chi Cheng , Lei Zhu , Xin Yang , Guy Brasseur

We describe a new tool developed for solar flare forecasting on the base of some sunspot group properties. Assuming that the flare frequency follows the Poisson statistics, this tool uses a database containing the morphological…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-16 M. Falco , P. Costa , P. Romano

Accurate estimation of solar irradiance is essential for reliable modelling of solar photovoltaic (PV) power production. In Ireland's highly variable maritime climate, where ground-based measurement stations are sparsely distributed,…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-26 Maeve Upton , Eamonn Organ , Amanda Lenzi , James Sweeney

The visible light reflectance data from geostationary satellites is crucial for meteorological observations and plays an important role in weather monitoring and forecasting. However, due to the lack of visible light at night, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Tingting Zhou , Feng Zhang , Haoyang Fu , Baoxiang Pan , Renhe Zhang , Feng Lu , Zhixin Yang

In this work, we develop a comprehensive framework for F10.7, S10.7, M10.7, and Y10.7 solar driver forecasting with a time series Transformer (PatchTST). To ensure an equal representation of high and low levels of solar activity, we…

In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of embedding temporal information for an accurate prediction of solar irradiance. We have used two sets of models for forecasting solar irradiance. The first one uses only time series data of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 T. A. Fathima , Vasudevan Nedumpozhimana , Yee Hui Lee , Soumyabrata Dev

The increased usage of solar energy places additional importance on forecasts of solar radiation. Solar panel power production is primarily driven by the amount of solar radiation and it is therefore important to have accurate forecasts of…

Applications · Statistics 2019-09-04 Kilian Bakker , Kirien Whan , Wouter Knap , Maurice Schmeits

The forecasting of local GIC effects has largely relied on the forecasting of dB/dt as a proxy and, to date, little attention has been paid to directly forecasting the geoelectric field or GICs themselves. We approach this problem with…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-02-17 R. L. Bailey , R. Leonhardt , C. Möstl , C. Beggan , M. A. Reiss , A. Bhaskar , A. J. Weiss

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most important atmospheric pollutants. However, current ground-level NO2 concentration data are lack of either high-resolution coverage or full coverage national wide, due to the poor quality of source…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Xinyu Dou , Cuijuan Liao , Hengqi Wang , Ying Huang , Ying Tu , Xiaomeng Huang , Yiran Peng , Biqing Zhu , Jianguang Tan , Zhu Deng , Nana Wu , Taochun Sun , Piyu Ke , Zhu Liu