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Statistical techniques are used in all branches of science to determine the feasibility of quantitative hypotheses. One of the most basic applications of statistical techniques in comparative analysis is the test of equality of two…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-01 Ayanendranath Basu , Abhijit Mandal , Nirian Martin , Leandro Pardo

In this paper we propose a two-sample test based on copula entropy (CE). The proposed test statistic is defined as the difference between the CEs of the null hypothesis and the alternative. The estimator of the test statistic is proposed…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-24 Jian Ma

Robust classification algorithms have been developed in recent years with great success. We take advantage of this development and recast the classical two-sample test problem in the framework of classification. Based on the estimates of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-18 Haiyan Cai , Bryan Goggin , Qingtang Jiang

Do two data samples come from different distributions? Recent studies of this fundamental problem focused on embedding probability distributions into sufficiently rich characteristic Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHSs), to compare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-05-03 Somayeh Danafar , Paola M. V. Rancoita , Tobias Glasmachers , Kevin Whittingstall , Juergen Schmidhuber

For the multi-sample equal covariance function (ECF) testing problem, Zhang (2013) proposed an $L^{2}$-norm based test. However, its asymptotic power and finite sample performance have not been studied. In this paper, its asymptotic power…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-09-15 Jia Guo , Jin-Ting Zhang

This paper deals with two-sample tests for functional time series data, which have become widely available in conjunction with the advent of modern complex observation systems. Here, particular interest is in evaluating whether two sets of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-16 Alexander Aue , Holger Dette , Gregory Rice

In this paper, we propose a new class of distributions by exponentiating the random variables associated with the probability density functions of composite distributions. We also derive some mathematical properties of this new class of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-05 Bowen Liu , Malwane M. A. Ananda

Two semimetrics on probability distributions are proposed, given as the sum of differences of expectations of analytic functions evaluated at spatial or frequency locations (i.e, features). The features are chosen so as to maximize the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-31 Wittawat Jitkrittum , Zoltan Szabo , Kacper Chwialkowski , Arthur Gretton

This paper provides a nonparametric test for the identity of two multivariate continuous distribution functions (d.f.'s) when they differ in locations. The test uses Wilcoxon rank-sum statistics on distances between observations for each of…

Applications · Statistics 2019-08-08 Soumita Modak , Uttam Bandyopadhyay

A popular approach for testing if two univariate random variables are statistically independent consists of partitioning the sample space into bins, and evaluating a test statistic on the binned data. The partition size matters, and the…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-04-28 Ruth Heller , Yair Heller , Shachar Kaufman , Barak Brill , Malka Gorfine

Two-sample hypothesis testing-determining whether two sets of data are drawn from the same distribution-is a fundamental problem in statistics and machine learning with broad scientific applications. In the context of nonparametric testing,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Antoine Chatalic , Marco Letizia , Nicolas Schreuder , Lorenzo Rosasco

We introduce a new statistical test based on the observed spacings of ordered data. The statistic is sensitive to detect non-uniformity in random samples, or short-lived features in event time series. Under some conditions, this new test…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-27 Philipp Eller , Lolian Shtembari

A storm of favorable or critical publications regarding p-values-based procedures has been observed in both the theoretical and applied literature. We focus on valid definitions of p-values in the scenarios when composite null models are in…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-16 Albert Vexler

Two-sample tests are important in statistics and machine learning, both as tools for scientific discovery as well as to detect distribution shifts. This led to the development of many sophisticated test procedures going beyond the standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Jonas M. Kübler , Vincent Stimper , Simon Buchholz , Krikamol Muandet , Bernhard Schölkopf

This paper proposes nonparametric two-sample tests for the direct comparison of the probabilities of a particular transition between states of a continuous time nonhomogeneous Markov process with a finite state space. The proposed tests are…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-24 Giorgos Bakoyannis

One of the most fundamental problems in distribution testing is the identity testing problem: given samples $x_1,\ldots,x_s$, the goal is to determine whether the samples are drawn from a target distribution $\mathcal{D}$. When…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Bruno Cavalar , Eli Goldin , Matthew Gray , Taiga Hiroka , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Tomoyuki Morimae

This paper deals with testing the equality of $k$ ($k\ge 2$) distribution functions against possible stochastic ordering among them. Two classes of rank tests are proposed for this testing problem. The statistics of the tests under study…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Nikolay I. Nikolov , Eugenia Stoimenova

The surge in digitized text data requires reliable inferential methods on observed textual patterns. This article proposes a novel two-sample text test for comparing similarity between two groups of documents. The hypothesis is whether the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-09 Jingbin Xu , Chen Qian , Meimei Liu , Feng Guo

Are two sets of observations drawn from the same distribution? This problem is a two-sample test. Kernel methods lead to many appealing properties. Indeed state-of-the-art approaches use the $L^2$ distance between kernel-based distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-02 M. Scetbon , G. Varoquaux

We study a rank based univariate two-sample distribution-free test. The test statistic is the difference between the average of between-group rank distances and the average of within-group rank distances. This test statistic is closely…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-28 Jamye Curry , Xin Dang , Hailin Sang
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