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The cosmological constant $\Lambda$ is a free parameter in Einstein's equations of gravity. We propose to fix its value with a boundary condition: test particles should be free when outside causal contact, e.g. at infinity. Under this…

General Physics · Physics 2019-05-24 Enrique Gaztanaga

Within thermodynamic models of gravity, where the universe is considered as a finite ensemble of quantum particles, cosmological constant in the Einstein's equations appears as a constant of integration. Then it can be bounded using…

General Physics · Physics 2018-05-15 Merab Gogberashvili , Ucha Chutkerashvili

We propose that the observed value of the cosmological constant may be explained by a fundamental uncertainty in the spacetime metric, which arises when combining the principle that mass and energy curve spacetime with the quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-20 Ahmed Farag Ali , Nader Inan

Dark energy, the enigmatic force driving the accelerated cosmic expansion of the universe, is conventionally described as a cosmological constant in the standard $\Lambda$CDM model. However, measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-26 Axel de la Macorra , Jose Agustin Lozano Torres

In this paper, time variable cosmological constant, dubbed {\it age cosmological constant}, is investigated motivated by the fact: any cosmological length scale and time scale can introduce a cosmological constant or vacuum energy density…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-06-28 Lixin Xu , Jianbo Lu , Wenbo Li

A novel idea is proposed for a natural solution of the dark energy and its cosmic coincidence problem. The existence of local antigravity sources, associated with astrophysical matter configurations distributed throughout the universe, can…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-04 Georgios Kofinas , Vasilios Zarikas

If there is a shortest length in nature, for example at the Planck scale of 10^-35m, then the cosmic expansion should continually create new comoving modes. A priori, each of the new modes comes with its own vacuum energy, which could…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Achim Kempf

There is now strong evidence that the main contribution to the cosmic energy density is not due to matter, but to another component with negative pressure. Its nature is still unknown: it could be the vacuum energy, manifesting itself as a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alberto Cappi

We consider various possible consequences of time-varying dark energy due to a quintessence scalar field whose energy density is partially converted to particles as the field evolves down its potential. This particle production acts as a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-21 Nicolas Patino , Paul J. Steinhardt

The cosmological constant $\Lambda$ is a measure of the energy density of the vacuum. Therefore properties of the energy of the system in the metastable vacuum state reflect properties of $\Lambda = \Lambda(t)$. We analyze properties of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-23 Krzysztof Urbanowski

There are now two cosmological constant problems: (i) why the vacuum energy is so small and (ii) why it comes to dominate at about the epoch of galaxy formation. Anthropic selection appears to be the only approach that can naturally resolve…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-06-20 Alexander Vilenkin

Particle creation (or annihilation) mechanisms, described by either quantum field theoretical models, or by the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, play an important role in the evolution of the early Universe, like, for example, in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-03 T. Harko , K. Asadi , H. Moshafi , H. Sheikhahmadi

Recent results indicate the presence of a cosmological constant (or related dark energy) in the universe. It has been conjectured recently that the interaction parameters of physical theories may be dependant on the size parameter of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 N. Panchapakesan

The present discussion contribution is some remarks concerning and review of the proposal by one of us (C. Balazs) to explain the cosmological constant by a/the principle of entropy. Used without further comment this principle of entropy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-26 H. B. Nielsen , C. Balazs

The cosmological constant problem is examined under the assumption that the extrinsic curvature of the space-time contributes to the vacuum. A compensation mechanism based on a variable cosmological term is proposed. Under a suitable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-25 M. D. Maia , G. S. Silva

The value of the cosmological constant arising from a crystalline model for vacuum cosmic space with lattice parameter of the order of the neutron radius [1] has been calculated. The model allows to solve, in an easy way, the problem of the…

The cosmological constant is one of the most pressing problems in modern physics. We address this issue from an emergent gravity standpoint, by using an analogue gravity model. Indeed, the dynamics of the emergent metric in a Bose-Einstein…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-02-29 Stefano Finazzi , Stefano Liberati , Lorenzo Sindoni

In this paper we calculate quantum corrections to the effective potential in different models of inflationary cosmology. We show that quantum corrections lead to a modification of the initial potential uplifting its value at the minimum,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-16 V. A. Filippov , R. M. Iakhibbaev , D. I. Kazakov , D. M. Tolkachev

A probable solution of the cosmological constant problem was recently found. We propose that dark energy of the Universe is vacuum energy. Our Universe during its expansion is spending its vacuum energy for creation of new quantum states,…

General Physics · Physics 2014-01-21 Vladimir Burdyuzha

A higher value of Hubble constant has been obtained from measurements with nearby Type Ia supernovae, than that obtained at much higher redshift. With the peculiar motions of their hosts, we find that the matter content at such low redshift…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-07-25 Shuang-Nan Zhang , Yin-Zhe Ma