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There are at least two cosmological constants calling for explanation. The first one describes the quasi-de Sitter inflation in the early universe, and the second describes the current acceleration of the universe associated with dark…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-05-01 Igor Volovich

In this paper we discuss a model in which the energy density, corresponding to the effective cosmological constant, after the $SU(2)\times U(1)$ symmetry breaking appears to be of the desired order of $10^{-48}\div 10^{-47} GeV^{4}$. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-12-02 Mikhail N. Smolyakov

We consider extra compact dimensions as the origin of a cosmological universal energy density in the regular dimensions, with only graviton fields propagating in the compact space dimensions. The quantum zero point energy originating from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-09-03 Vikram Soni , Naresh Dadhich , Rathin Adhikari

The mystery of the cosmological constant is probably the most pressing obstacle to significantly improving the models of elementary particle physics derived from string theory. The problem arises because in the standard framework of low…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Edward Witten

We discuss a model of the universe where dark energy is replaced by electrically-charged extremely-massive dark matter. The cosmological constant has a value of the same order as the mean matter density, consistent with observations, and is…

General Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Paul H. Frampton

We consider that the cosmological constant is associated with the vacuum energy density of a particle physics model. In the path integral formalism of euclidean quantum gravity and in the background of the Robertson Walker metric we…

General Physics · Physics 2020-01-28 Renata Jora

We discuss from the condensed-matter point of view the recent idea that the Poisson fluctuations of cosmological constant about zero could be a source of the observed dark energy. We argue that the thermodynamic fluctuations of Lambda are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 G. E. Volovik

The observed value of the cosmological constant poses large theoretical problems. We find that topology of the Universe provides a natural source for it. Restricting dynamically an Einstein-Cartan gravity to General Relativity in our…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-16 M. Le Delliou , J. Lorca Espiro

We advance the viewpoint that only relevant modes of the vacuum fluctuations, namely, with wavelengths conditioned by the size, homogeneity, geometry and topology of the Universe, do contribute into the cosmological constant. A formula is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 V. G. Gurzadyan , She-Sheng Xue

The traditional "explanation" for the observed acceleration of the universe is the existence of a positive cosmological constant. However, this can hardly be a truly convincing explanation, as an expanding universe is not expected to have a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-22 Joan Sola

In this paper we use and extend the results present in \cite{1,2,3,4} and in particular in \cite{4} to obtain a statistical description of the cosmological constant in a cosmological de Sitter universe in terms of massless excitations with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-18 Stefano Viaggiu

The cosmological constant is normally introduced as an additional term entering the Einstein-Hilbert (EH) action. In this letter we demonstrate that instead, it appears naturally from the standard EH action as an invariant term emerging…

General Physics · Physics 2024-12-19 Ivan Arraut

The consideration of dark energy's quanta, required also by thermodynamics, introduces its chemical potential into the cosmological equations. Isolating its main contribution, we obtain solutions with dark energy decaying to matter or…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. Besprosvany

The cosmological constant, which was introduced by Einstein a century ago to allow for a static universe, experienced a revival two decades ago under the label dark energy as a parameter to model the observed accelerated expansion of the…

General Physics · Physics 2019-01-08 Jan O. Stenflo

A new bound dark energy, BDE, cosmology has been proposed where the dark energy is the binding energy between light meson fields that condense a few tens of years after the big bang. It is reported that the correct dark energy density…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-06 Rodger I. Thompson

This paper continues the development of a discrete space-time concept that is recently used in the explanation of the cosmological constant. Instead of order estimation, a more theoretical treatment of the theory is introduced. Based on the…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. M. Mok

The value of the cosmological constant is explained in terms of a noisy diffusion of energy from the low energy particle physics degrees of freedom to the fundamental Planckian granularity which is expected from general arguments in quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-12-19 Alejandro Perez , Daniel Sudarsky , James D. Bjorken

Cosmological stasis is a new type of epoch in the cosmological timeline during which the cosmological abundances of different energy components -- such as vacuum energy, matter, and radiation -- remain constant despite the expansion of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-17 Fei Huang , V. Knapp-Perez

We derive a model of dark energy which evolves with time via the scale factor. The equation of state $\omega=(1-2\alpha)/(1+2\alpha)$ is studied as a function of a parameter $\alpha$ introduced in this model. In addition to the recent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-06-20 Hemza Azri , A. Bounames

Dark energy in the universe is assumed to be vacuum energy. The energy-momentum of vacuum is described by a scale-dependent cosmological constant. The equations of motion imply for the density of matter (dust) the sum of the usual matter…

General Physics · Physics 2008-11-09 Walter Petry